Subject Index • 439Incidental immediate emotions, 378
Incompatible flankers, 88
Incubation, 355
Indirect statements, 321
Inductive reasoning, 360, 368–374
availability heuristic and, 369–371
confirmation bias and, 374
cultural influence on, 388
everyday life use of, 369
general explanation of, 368–369
heuristics used in, 369–373
representativeness heuristic and, 371–373
review questions on, 374, 388
strength of arguments in, 368–369
Infants
categorization in, 263–264
See also Children
Inference, 309–311
anaphoric, 310
causal, 310–311
coherence and, 310–311
instrument, 310
memory and, 217–219
mental responses and, 7
pragmatic, 218
unconscious, 57–58
Inferotemporal (IT) cortex, 261, 262
Information-processing approach, 12, 331
Information resources
on attention, 112
on the brain, 44
on concepts and categories, 266
on decision making, 388–389
on imagery, 290
on language, 322–323
on memory, 144, 168–169, 200, 236
on perception, 78
on problem solving, 355
on reasoning, 388
on working memory, 144, 290
Initial state, 332
Input units, 255
Insight
inspired by sleep, 355
problem solving and, 327–329
Insight problems, 328, 329
Institutional categories, 266
Instrument inference, 310
Insula, 384
Integral immediate emotions, 377–378
Intelligence
artificial, 13–14
working memory and, 142
Interactionist approach to parsing, 306–308
Interactive activation model, 78Garner Interference
proactive, 124–125, 129, 130
retroactive, 224, 225
Intermediate state, 333
Interviews, cognitive, 232
Invalid trials, 102
In vivo problem-solving research, 345–346Irrelevant Speech Effect
Itza culture, 266J
Jelly bean experiment, 375–376
Justification in decision making, 381–382
“Just in time” strategy, 101K
Knowing, 158
Knowledge, 238, 240
concepts and categories in, 240
influence on categorization, 249
language and, 294
perception and, 57–66
problem solving and, 346–347, 348
resources related to, 266
summary points about, 265–266
visual imagery and, 275
See also Categorization
Korsakoff’s syndrome, 149, 162L
Laboratory photos (L-photos), 205–206
Landmark discrimination problem, 72
Language, 292–324
acquisition of, 296, 322–323
brain damage and, 304
categorization and, 322, 323
CogLab experiments on, 324
cognition influenced by, 317–319
color perception and, 317–319
conversations and, 314–316
creativity of, 295
culture and, 295, 317–319, 322
definition of, 294
development of, 12
knowledge and, 294
localization of function for, 33–36
physiology of, 33–36, 296, 313–314
resources related to, 322–323
review questions on, 303–304, 320, 321
scientific study of, 295–297
sentences in, 304–308
speech errors in, 322
summary points about, 320–321
text comprehension and, 309–314
universality of, 295
words in, 297–304
working memory and, 144
Large numbers, law of, 373
Late closure, principle of, 305
Late selection models, 87
Law of large numbers, 373
Laws of perceptual organization, 58–61
familiarity, 60–61
good continuation, 58–60
Pragnanz, 60
similarity, 60, 61“Leaky filter” model, 86Implicit Learning
generalization of, 259
illusions of, 189
implicit, 169
paired-associate, 177, 272
state-dependent, 185
study techniques and, 172, 187–189
testing conditions and, 189Remembering Letters
perception of, 300
See also Words
Levels of categories, 247–249
Levels of processing (LOP), 174, 201
Levels-of-processing theory, 174–176
Lexical ambiguity, 301–302, 303
Lexical decision task, 251–252, 301, 324
Lexical priming, 302
Lexicon, 297
Lightbulb problem, 343–344, 345
Light-from-above heuristic, 64
Likelihood principle, 58Link Word
Listening, dichotic, 84
“Little Albert” experiment, 10
Localization of function, 29–36
for language, 33–36
for perception, 30–33
Location-based attention, 102–103
Logical reasoning, 361–362
Logic theorist computer program, 14, 331
Long Kiss Goodnight, The (film), 166
Long-term memory (LTM), 118, 146–201
amnesia and, 162–163, 164
brain imaging and, 156
coding in, 153–155
CogLab experiments on, 169, 201
consolidation of, 193–195
definition of, 149
emotional stimuli and, 208
encoding process for, 173–181
episodic, 156, 157–161
explicit, 156, 157–161
getting information into, 173–181
impairments of, 148–149, 155,
158–159, 162–163, 193, 200
implicit, 156–157, 161–165
physiology of, 190–195
procedural, 157
reconsolidation of, 195–198
resources related to, 168–169, 200
retrieving information from, 173,
181–187
review questions on, 157, 167, 168, 181,
186–187, 198, 199
semantic, 156, 157–161
short-term memory vs., 149–156
study methods and, 172, 187–189
summary points about, 167–168,
198–199
types of, 156–157
working memory and, 13733559_17_subject_index_p435-446.indd 43933559_17_subject_index_p435-446.indd 439 14/04/10 5:19 PM14/04/10 5:19 PM
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.