440 • Subject IndexLong-term potentiation (LTP), 191
Low-load tasks, 87
Low prototypicality, 243
Low working memory (LWM), 352M
“Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus
Two, The” (Miller), 14, 126
Maintenance rehearsal, 173
Mapping analogical relationships, 342
Meaning
encoding based on, 185–186Lexical Priming
perceptual organization and, 60–61
selective attention and, 87
semantics and, 306–308
speech segmentation and, 299
Means-end analysis, 333–335
Mechanical reasoning, 287–289, 290
Medial temporal lobe (MTL), 191–193
Memento (film), 166Memory Span
amnesia and, 162–163, 164
attention and, 112
autobiographical, 204, 205–207
brain imaging and, 156, 159, 192, 206
childhood sexual abuse and, 233
CogLab experiments on, 145, 169,
201, 237
consolidation of, 15–17, 193–195
constructive nature of, 213–222
definition of, 116
Ebbinghaus’s experiments on, 7–8, 9
emotional stimuli and, 208
encoding process for, 173–181
episodic, 156, 157–161
explicit, 156, 157–161
eyewitness testimony and, 226–233
false, 220, 225–226, 233
flashbulb, 208–213
iconic and echoic, 122
impairments of, 117, 148–149, 155,
158–159, 162–163, 193, 200
implicit, 156–157, 161–165
importance of, 116–117
improving using imagery, 286–287
inferences and, 217–219
long-term, 118, 146–201
modal model of, 118–119
neural code for, 41
physiology of, 137–141, 144, 155–156,
190–195
procedural, 157, 164–165
recognition, 154
reconsolidation of, 195–198
resources related to, 144, 168–169,
200, 236
retrieving information from, 173, 181–187
review questions on, 144, 168, 199, 235
schemas and scripts and, 219–220
semantic, 156, 157–161sensory, 85, 118, 120–123
short-term, 85, 118, 123–130, 149–156
sleep and, 16, 188–189
source monitoring and, 214–217
study methods and, 172, 187–189
suggestion and, 222–226, 233
summary points about, 143, 167–168,
198–199, 234–235
unitary view of, 169
working, 130–142
Memory consolidation, 15–17
behavioral perspective on, 15–16
physiological perspective on, 16–17
Memory drum procedure, 7–8
Memory sets, 91
Memory span, 145
Memory trace replacement hypothesis,
224, 225
Mental approach to coding, 128
Mental chronometry, 272
Mental imagery, 270
See also Imagery
Mental representations, 311–313
Mental responses, 7
Mental rotation, 135, 272, 291
Mental scanning, 273–274
Mental sets, 330–331
Mental simulations, 288
Mental time travel, 158, 169, 205
Mental walk task, 277, 282
Metacontrast masking, 79
Method of loci, 286
Microelectrodes, 28
Mind
approaches to researching, 15–17
definitions of, 5
early studies of, 6–9
flow diagrams of, 13
models of, 13, 17
rebirth in studying, 12–15
representing problems in, 327
See also Brain; Cognition
“Mind reading” experiment, 41–43
Mirror drawing, 164
Mirror neurons, 75–76
Misinformation effect, 222–225, 236Presenting Misleading Postevent Information
222–225, 366
Modality effect, 145
Modal model of memory, 118–119
Models of the mind, 13, 17
Modularity, 32
Modules, 32
Monty Hall three-door problem, 389
Mood
state-dependent learning and, 185
See also Emotions
Morpheme, 297
Moses illusion, 236Apparent Movement
attention and, 107–108
perception and, 70Movies. See Films
Muller-Lyer illusion, 79
Multiple trace hypothesis, 194–195
Mutilated checkerboard problem,
337–339, 340N
Narrative rehearsal hypothesis, 212
Narratives, 310
Natural selection, theory of, 67
Negative priming, 161
Neglect, unilateral, 283
Nerve fibers, 26
Nerve impulses, 28
Nerve net, 26
Networks
connectionist, 255–260
semantic, 250–255
Neural circuits, 27
Neural code, 39
Neuroeconomics, 384–385
Neuron doctrine, 26
Neurons, 25–29
basic components of, 26, 27
Cajal’s discovery of, 26–27
category information in, 260–262
distributed coding by, 40–41
feature detector, 38–39
imagery, 279
mirror, 75–76
perceptual functioning and, 66–69
recording signals from, 28
signals traveling in, 27–29
specificity coding by, 39–40
working memory and, 139–140
See also Brain
Neuropsychology, 71, 73
categorization and, 262
dissociation and, 73–74
imagery and, 282–285
long-term memory and, 155, 158–159
Neuroscience, 144
Neurotransmitters, 29
Neutral flankers, 88
9/11 memories, 208–209, 210, 211–212
Nondeclarative memory, 156–157,
161–165
See also Implicit memory
Nonknowing, 161
Noticing analogical relationships, 342, 343O
Object-based attention, 102, 103–104
Object discrimination problem, 72
Oblique effect, 63, 67
Occipital lobe, 30
Odor intensity, 56
Omission bias, 385
Operant conditioning, 10
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