442 • Subject IndexPsychogenic fugue, 166
Psychology. See Cognitive psychology;
Neuropsychology
“Psychology As the Behaviorist Views It”
(Watson), 9
Pulley problem, 287, 289R
Radiation problem, 340–344, 345
Random motion, 107, 108
Rationality, 388
Reaction time, 6
Donders’ experiment on, 6–7
simple vs. choice, 7
Reactivation, 194, 196–197Reading Span
illusion of learning and, 189
psychology of, 322
reasoning used in, 360CHAPTER 11 Word Superiority Effect
working memory and, 141–142
Reading span, 141–142
Reasoning, 360–374
CogLab experiments on, 389
culture and, 388
decision making and, 360, 375
deductive, 360, 361–368
definition of, 360
inductive, 360, 368–374
physiology of, 383
resources related to, 388
review questions on, 368, 388
summary points about, 386–387
Recall tests, 123, 154, 230–231
Recency effect, 153
Receptive fields, 45
Receptors, 26–27
Recognition-by-components (RBC) theory,
51–52
Recognition memory, 154
Recognition tests, 124
Reconsolidation, 195–198
Reconstructive memory, 213n
Recording electrode, 28
Reference electrode, 28
Regret avoidance, 388
Regularities in the environment, 63–66
physical regularities, 63–64
semantic regularities, 64–66
Rehearsal, 118, 173
elaborative, 173
flashbulb memories and, 212
maintenance, 173
Release from proactive interference, 129
Remembering, 158
Reminiscence bump, 206–207
Remote memories, 193
Repeated recall, 209–210
Repeated reproduction, 214
Repetition priming, 161, 162–163
Representation, 37–41Representativeness heuristic, 371–373
base rates and, 372
conjunction rule and, 372–373
sample size and, 373
Resources
cognitive, 87–90
See also Information resources
Restructuring, 327, 329, 330
Retina, 38
Retrieval, 18, 118, 173, 181–187
cues used for, 178, 182–183
encoding specificity and, 184–185
matching conditions of encoding and,
183–186
state-dependent learning and, 185
transfer-appropriate processing and,
185–186
Retrieval cues, 178, 182–183
Retroactive interference, 224, 225
Retrograde amnesia, 149, 193
Reverse acrobat problem, 335, 336, 357
Reverse testing effect, 231
Review questions
on attention, 90–91, 98, 110, 111–112
on brain physiology, 36, 43, 44
on categorization, 249, 265, 266
on decision making, 386, 388
on imagery, 279, 289, 290
on language, 303–304, 320, 321
on long-term memory, 157, 167, 168,
181, 186–187, 198, 199
on memory characteristics, 213, 222,
234, 235
on perception, 56, 66, 76, 77
on problem solving, 339, 353, 354
on reasoning, 368, 388
on short-term memory, 130–131
on working memory, 137, 142
Rhyming-based encoding, 185–186
Risk aversion, 378
Risk aversion strategy, 380
Risk-taking strategy, 380
Rule-based approach to mechanical
reasoning, 288
Russian marriage problem, 339, 340S
Saccadic eye movements, 99, 301
Same-object advantage, 103
Sample size, 373
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 317, 319
Savings curve, 8, 9
Savings method, 8
Scene schemas, 100
Schemas, 219
memory and, 219
permission, 365–366
pragmatic reasoning, 365
scene, 100
Scripts, 219–220
Selective attention, 82, 83–91attenuation theory of, 86
cognitive resources and, 87–90CHAPTER 4 Dichotic Listening
filter model of, 83–85
late selection models of, 87
Self-image hypothesis, 206–207
Self-knowing, 158
Self-reference effect, 177–178
Semantic coding, 129, 153–154
Semantic memory, 156, 157–161
connections between episodic memory
and, 159–161
episodic memory distinguished from,
157–158
neuropsychological research on, 158–159
Semantic network approach, 250–255
Collins and Loftus model, 253–254
Collins and Quillian model, 250–253
critical assessments of, 253, 254–255
Semantic regularities, 64–66
Semantics, 64, 304
conversational speech and, 315
sentence parsing and, 306–308
Sensations, 8
Senses, loss of, 112
Sensory memory, 85, 118, 120–123
persistence of vision and, 120–121
selective attention and, 85
Sperling’s experiment on, 121–123
summary points about, 143
Sensory reactivation hypothesis, 236
Sentences, 304–308
complex, 176–177
garden path, 305
parsing of, 304–308
semantics of, 304, 306–308
syntax of, 304, 305–306
See also Words
Sentence verification technique, 244CHAPTER 6 Serial Position
Sexual abuse, 233
Shadowing, 84
Shallow processing, 174–175
Shortcut strategy, 352
Short-term memory (STM), 85, 118,
123–130
brain imaging and, 156
capacity of, 125–128
chunking and, 126–128
coding in, 128–129Digit Span
duration of, 124–125
impairments of, 155
long-term memory vs., 149–156
proactive interference and, 124–125
recall test of, 123
review questions on, 130–131
selective attention and, 85
summary points about, 143
working memory vs., 132
See also Working memory
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