TABLE 7.3. MOTIVE IMAGERY SCORES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED
STATES, 1789-1993
Raw Scores
(images per 1 ,000 words)
Washington
Adams, J.
Jefferson
Madison
Monroe
Adams, J. Q.
Jackson
Van Buren
Harrison, W. H.
Polk
Taylor
Pierce
Buchanan
Lincoln
Grant
Hayes
Garfield
Cleveland
Harrison, B.
McKinley
Roosevelt, T.
Taft
Wilson
Harding
Coolidge
Hoover
Roosevelt, F.
Truman
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Johnson, L.
Nixon
Carter
Reagan
Bush
Clinton
M
SD
1789
1797
1801
1809
1817
1825
1829
1837
1841
1845
1849
1853
1857
1861
1869
1877
1881
1885
1889
1897
1905
1909
1913
1921
1925
1929
1933
1949
1953
1961
1965
1969
1977
1981
1989
1993Ach
3.85
3.89
5.65
6.84
7.22
5.43
4.48
4.38
2.56
2.65
6.39
5.72
5.05
3.34
7.02
6.07
5.09
6.52
3.49
5.30
8.14
4.79
8.83
5.41
4.69
9.18
6.37
6.91
4.50
5.90
6.77
8.94
10.60
7.78
7.35
10.23
6.04
1.97Aff
3.85
3.03
3.30
3.42
2.41
3.40
2.69
2.83
1.52
1.43
3.65
2.11
2.53
2.23
2.63
2.83
0.34
2.37
2.18
1.51
1.02
0.92
2.94
4.51
2.47
2.16
2.12
5.99
4.50
9.59
4.74
8.00
4.89
3.28
10.81
5.75
3.44
2.23Pow
4.62
4.76
6.59
7.69
6.62
3.74
5.38
4.38
4.31
6.32
4.56
6.33
4.69
6.97
3-51
6.07
6.10
8.89
5.45
5.55
4.07
7.93
7.06
4.81
5.43
5.94
8.50
11.98
6.14
11.81
6.09
7.06
8.16
9.01
7.35
9.59
6.49
2.01Standardized Scores
(M = 50, SD = 10)
Ach
39
39
48
54
56
47
42
42
32
33
52
48
45
36
55
50
45
52
37
46
61
44
64
47
43
66
52
54
42
49
54
65
73
59
57
71Aff
52
48
49
50
45
50
47
47
41
41
51
44
46
45
46
47
36
45
44
41
39
39
48
55
46
44
44
61
55
78
56
70
56
49
83
60Pow
41
41
51
56
51
36
44
40
39
49
40
49
41
52
35
48
48
62
45
45
38
57
53
42
45
47
60
77
48
77
48
52
58
63
54
65Source: Data from Winter 1987a, with scores added for Bush and Clinton and all scorers re-stan-
dardized. Vice presidents who were not elected (and therefore inaugurated) in their own right are not
included.