The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaderscriterion has proven difficult to meet without repeated practice and
feedback from trained coders over a period of time. Learning to score
texts for integrative complexity has traditionally occurred in train-
ing workshops lasting several days and involving detailed examina-
tion of problematic cases and group discussion of scoring decisions.
More recently, a manual has been prepared to enable people to learn
how to score integrative complexity without attending a workshop
(Baker-Brown et al. 1992). Several candidates have used it and suc-
cessfully reached a level of agreement with the expert scores to qual-
ify as independent coders, but so far we have not had enough experi-
ence to know whether it will be generally adequate as a substitute for
face-to-face training sessions.