Draws medial end of eyebrow medially and inferiorly for a concerned look
Wrinkles skin of forehead
Frontalis portion of occipitofrontalis
Elevates the eyebrows for a surprised look
Wrinkles the forehead
Muscles related to the nose
Nasalis
Consists of compressor naris-compresses nostril
And dilator naris-flares nostrils
Procerus
From forehead over bridge of nose
Draws medial eyebrow inferiorly
Creates transverse wrinkles over nose-frowning
Muscles related to the ear
Anterior, superior, and posterior auricular
Variably developed
Muscles related to mouth and lips
Orbicularis oris
Sphincter of the mouth
Important for speech, holding food between the teeth, whistling, blowing
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Elevates nose and upper lip
Mentalis
Wrinkles skin on chin
Buccinator
Involved in smiling
Holds food between teeth during chewing
Used in whistling, sucking, and horn blowing
Depressor anguli oris
Depresses angle of mouth
Levator anguli oris
Elevates corner of mouth
Levator labii superioris
Lifts and everts upper lip
Depressor labii inferioris
Draws lip down and laterally
Used to show impatience
Risorius
Draws corner of mouth laterally
Used in grinning
Zygomaticus major
Draws angle of mouth up and laterally
Used in smiling and laughing
Zygomaticus minor
Raises upper lip as when showing contempt
Platysma
Depresses mandible
Draws corners of mouth down
Used when grimacingScalp
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Extends from superior nuchal line to superior orbital ridge
Laterally extends to external acoustic meatus and zygomatic arch
Composed of five layers
First three are adherent to skull, move as one
Skin (1)
Contains sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Well vascularized
Connective Tissue (2)
Dense
Well vascularized and innervated
Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle (3)
Tendinous sheet
Connects occipitalis, frontalis and superior auricular muscles
Loose connective tissue (4)
Spongy
Layer that collects fluid from injury of infection
Moves freely with first three layers over pericranium
Periosteum of skull (5)
External periosteum of calvaria
Fairly firmly attached to bone
Most tightly bound at suture lines
Vasculature of scalp
Scalp has rich blood supply, so bleeding from a scalp injury is profuse
Arteries anastomoses
Branches of external carotid artery to scalp