Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

Mental nerve-to skin of chin and lower lip

Facial nerve

Sole motor supply to muscles of facial expression

Has five main branches

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Names refer to areas they supply

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Other muscles associated with the face: Muscles of mastication

The muscles of mastication include four pairs of muscles (left and right side) that attach to the mandible, are embryological derivatives of the first
pharyngeal arch, are all innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V 3 ), and are important in biting and chewing food.

All attach to mandible

Responsible for biting and chewing (movements at the temporomandibular joint [TMJ])

All innervated by branches of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3 )

All supplied by branches of the maxillary artery

Group of four muscles

Temporalis

Large, fan-shaped

Covers most of the side of the head

Inserts on coronoid process of mandible

Masseter

Deep to parotid gland and crossed by parotid duct

Inserts on entire lateral surface of ramus of mandible except for condylar process

Lateral pterygoid

Deep to temporal muscle

Runs horizontally backwards from infratemporal fossa and lateral pterygoid plate to insert on mandible

Covered with dense pterygoid plexus of veins

Medial pterygoid

Covered by inferior fibers of lateral pterygoid

Runs from inner surface of lateral pterygoid plate inferiorly to inner surface of ramus of mandible

Muscle Origin Insertion Main Actions Nerve Supply Blood Supply

TemporalisFloor of temporal fossa

and deep temporal fascia

Coronoid

process and

ramus of

mandible

Elevates mandible; posterior

fibers retrude mandible

Mandibular

nerve (V 3 )-deep

temporal nerves

Superficial temporal and

maxillary arteries, middle,

anterior, and posterior

deep temporal arteries

Masseter Zygomatic arch Ramus of

mandible

and coronoid

process

Elevates and protrudes

mandible; deep fibers retrude it

Mandibular

nerve (V 3 )-

masseteric

nerve

Transverses facial artery;

masseteric branch of

maxillary and facial

arteries

Medial

pterygoid

Superior head:

infratemporal surface of

greater wing of sphenoid

Inferior head: lateral

pterygoid plate

Neck of

mandible,

articular disc,

and capsule

of TMJ

Acting together, protrude

mandible and depress chin;

acting alone and alternately,

produces side-to-side

movements

Mandibular

nerve (V 3 )-nerve

to medial

pterygoid

Facial and maxillary

arteries

Lateral

pterygoid

Infratemporal surface of

greater wing of sphenoid

and lateral surface of

lateral plate of pterygoid

plate

Pterygoid

fovea,

capsule of

TMJ and

articular disk

Together, protrude mandible,

depress chin

Alone and alternately, side to

side grinding

Mandibular

nerve (V 3 )-

muscular

branches from

anterior division

Maxillary artery-muscular

branches