Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

FACTS & HINTS

High-Yield Facts

Anatomic Points

The greater omentum is often referred to as the "abdominal policeman." It can move within the peritoneal cavity and wrap itself around an inflamed
organ, localizing inflammation and preventing adhesion between the visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall.

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There are several ways to access the omental bursa surgically:

Directly through the lesser omentum

Through the transverse mesocolon

Through the gastrocolic ligament (part of the greater omentum)

Clinical Points

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Can be localized (e.g., secondary to appendicitis) or generalized (e.g., secondary to bowel perforation)

Can result in reflex tensing ("guarding") of the overlying abdominal musculature leading to abdominal rigidity.

Involvement of parietal peritoneum leads to well-localized, sharp abdominal pain with tenderness on palpation.

Ascites

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

May form secondary to peritonitis or a variety of other pathological conditions

Abdomen may become grossly distended as many liters of fluid accumulate

Paracentesis may be undertaken both for diagnostic purposes and for draining the ascitic fluid.

Usually performed under local anaesthesia.