Loose fibrous capsule encloses and contains two apertures
Between the tubercles of the humerus for passage of long head of biceps brachii, which attaches to supraglenoid tubercle
within the joint
Anterior opening, inferior to coracoid process, for communication between subscapular bursa and synovial cavity of joint
Blood supply: Branches of anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries from the axillary and suprascapular artery from the
subclavian
Nerve supply: Branches of suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves
Ligaments of glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral ligaments-strengthen capsule anteriorly
Coracohumeral ligament-strengthens joint superiorly
Transverse humeral ligament-bridges gap between greater and lesser tubercle and holds tendon of biceps brachii in place
Coracoacromial ligament-from acromion to coracoid process, prevents displacement of humeral head superiorlyLIGAMENT ATTACHMENTS COMMENT
Joint capsule Margin of glenoid cavity → anatomical neck of humerus Loose fibrous capsule
Weakest inferiorly
Glenohumeral Supraglenoid tubercle → blend with fibrous capsule (superior,
middle and inferior bands)Reinforce anterior capsuleCoracohumeralCoracoid process → greater tubercle of humerus Strong
Transverse
humeralBridges intertubercular groove between greater and lesser tuberclesHolds tendon of biceps brachii in
intertubercular groove
CoracoacromialCoracoid process → acromion Completes coracoacromial arch protecting
humeral headBursae (Important ones)
Contain thin layer of synovial fluid
Located where tendons rub against bone, ligaments, or tendons and when skin moves over bone directly beneath
Subscapular bursa
Between tendon of subscapularis muscle and neck of scapula
Communicates with cavity of the shoulder joint
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
Between deltoid, supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral capsule
Does not communicate with cavity of shoulder
Facilitates movement of deltoid over joint capsule and supraspinatus tendon under coracoacromial archMuscles of the Scapula