Other toes have three-proximal, middle and distal
Each consists of proximal base, body, and distal headJoints
Important intertarsal joints
Where inversion and eversion occur
Subtalar
Synovial joint with where talus rests on calcaneus
Fibrous capsule supported by talocalcaneal ligaments
Transverse tarsal, composed of
Calcaneocuboid joint
Talonavicular joint
Other joints where slight movement occurs
Talocalcaneal
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
Interphalangeal: proximal and distal (PIP and DIP)page 264
page 265Arches
Tarsal and metatarsal bones are arranged in longitudinal and transverse arches
Bony arches maintained by
Interlocking bones
Plantar ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis
Action of plantar muscles
Functions
Shock absorbers for body weight
Distribute body weight
Make foot adaptable to changes in surface
Longitudinal arch composed of medial and lateral arches
Medial longitudinal arch
Higher arch than lateral
Composed of calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, three medial metatarsals
Talar head is keystone
Strengthened by
Tibialis anterior tendon and attachments
Fibularis longus tendon
Lateral longitudinal arch
Flatter than medial
Rests on the ground when standing
Composed of calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals
Transverse arch
Formed by cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals
Has pillars formed by lateral and medial longitudinal arches
Maintained by fibularis longus tendonLigaments (major ligaments listed)
All foot bones are united by plantar and dorsal ligaments
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Also called spring ligament
From sustentaculum tali to navicular
Maintains longitudinal arch of foot
Long plantar ligament
From plantar surface of calcaneus to cuboid
Maintains foot arches
Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
Also called short plantar ligament
Deep to the long plantar ligament
From inferior surface of calcaneus to inferior surface of cuboidPlantar Muscles