Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

Flexor

hallucis

brevis

Plantar surfaces of

cuboid and lateral

cuneiform

Divides in two, to each side of

base of proximal phalanx of

first toe

Third Layer Medial plantar

nerve (S1-S2)

Flexes proximal phalanx of

first toe

Adductor

hallucis

Oblique head: bases

of second through

fourth metatarsals

Transverse head:

Ligaments of

metatarsophalangeal

joints

Lateral side, base of proximal

phalanx of first toe (both heads)

Third Layer Deep branch of

lateral plantar

nerve (S2-S3)

Adducts first toe, maintains

transverse arch

Flexor digiti

minimi

brevis

Base of fifth

metatarsal

Base of proximal phalanx of

fifth toe

Third Layer Superficial

branch, lateral

plantar nerve

(S2-S3)

Flexes proximal phalanx of

fifth toe

Plantar

interossei

(3)

Bases and medial

sides of third through

fifth metatarsals

Medial sides of bases of

proximal phalanges of third

through fifth toes

Fourth Layer Lateral plantar

nerve (S2-S3)

Adduct second through fourth

toes and flex MP joint

Dorsal

interossei

(4)

Adjacent sides of first

through fifth

metatarsals

First: medial side of proximal

phalanx of second toe

Second through fourth: lateral

sides of second through fourth

toes

Fourth Layer Lateral plantar

nerve (S2-S3)

Abduct second through fourth

toes and flex MP joints

Dorsal Muscles of Foot

Form bulge on dorsolateral surface of foot, anterior to lateral malleolus

Two muscles blend together

Extensor digitorum brevis

Proximal attachment: superior surface, anterolateral calcaneus

Splits into four muscles, each with a tendon that blends with that of long extensor

One tendon to great toe

Other tendons to second to fourth toes

Extensor hallucis brevis

Largest and most medial belly of extensor digitorum brevis

Inserts on proximal phalanx of great toe

Supplied by deep fibular nerve

Assist extensor digitorum longus in extending toes

Fascia

Deep fascia on dorsum of foot

Thin on dorsum

Continuous with inferior extensor retinaculum

Over lateral and posterior aspects it is continuous with plantar fascia

Deep fascia of plantar surface of foot

Central condensation of plantar fascia forms plantar aponeurosis

Arises from calcaneus

Divides into five fibrous bands that split to enclose digital tendons

Vertical septa from deep surface divide the foot into medial, central, and lateral compartments

Functions of plantar fascia

Holds foot together

Protects sole of foot from injury

Supports longitudinal arches