FACTS & HINTS
HIGH-YIELD FACTS
Clinical Points
Ankle Sprain
As a result of tears in fibers of ligaments supporting the ankle
Commonly the result of forced inversion of foot causing strain on weaker lateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament most likely to tear
Result in instability of ankle joint
Calcaneofibular ligament may also be tornAnkle Fracture
Severe ankle strain may fracture the medial, or more commonly, the lateral malleolus
A Pott's fracture-dislocation occurs when foot is forcefully everted, shearing off the medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus is then snapped as the talus moves laterally
May also fracture fibula above distal tibiofibular joint and distal end of tibiaPlantar Fasciitis
Microtrauma to proximal attachment of the plantar aponeurosis to the calcaneus, resulting in inflammation of plantar aponeurosis
Caused by repetitive strain on the longitudinal plantar arch, such as during extensive running or high impact aerobics
Pain felt over the proximal plantar surface of the foot
Especially painful after sitting and first thing in the morning
Treatment is conservative with rest and analgesiaMNEMONICS
Memory Aids
Structures traveling behind medial malleolus
(anterior to posterior):Tom, Dick ANd HarryTibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus flexor Hallucis longus AN= Posterior
tibial Artery and tibial Nerve
Interossei muscles: Plantar interossei Adduct the digits (PAD) Dorsal
interossei Abduct the digits (DAB)
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Muscles that can potentially be absent in the body: 5 P's:
Palmaris longus [Upper limb]
Plantaris [Lower limb]
Peroneus* [Lower limb]
Pyramidalis [Anterior abdominal wall]
Psoas minor [Posterior abdominal wall]* = peroneus (fibularis) tertius