Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

FACTS & HINTS

High-Yield Facts

Clinical Points

Tracheostomy

Transverse incision through skin of neck and anterior wall of trachea

Method for achieving a definitive airway

Transverse incision made through skin, at midpoint between suprasternal notch and thyroid cartilage

Platysma and pretracheal fascia divided

Strap muscles retracted

Thyroid isthmus divided or retracted

Opening made between first and second tracheal rings or through second through fourth tracheal rings

Tracheostomy tube inserted

Clinical Points

Needle Cricothyrotomy

Done in extreme emergency

Performed if proximal airway is obstructed, to temporarily oxygenate the patient

Large-bore needle inserted into the cricothyroid membrane and connected to an oxygen supply

Clinical Points

Central venous line

Large veins such as the subclavian have relatively constant relationships to easily identifiable anatomic landmarks

Placement of large-bore venous catheter in an emergent situation to deliver high flow of fluid or blood products

Used for administration of chemotherapeutic agents, hyperalimentation fluids, and so on

Used for assessing right heart (venous) pressures

Vein located in an area bounded by the sternal and clavicular attachments of sternocleidomastoid and the clavicle-just deep to middle third

of clavicle

Subclavian vein is inferior and anterior to subclavian artery and separated from it by anterior scalene muscle