Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

SVE (motor to muscles of pharynx/larynx)

XI Spinal

accessory nerve

SVE (motor to 2 muscles) Jugular foramen

XII Hypoglossal

nerve

GSE (motor to tongue muscles) Hypoglassal canal

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In general, CN I and II arise from the forebrain and are really tracts of the brain for the special senses of smell and sight. CN III, IV, and VI move the
extraocular skeletal muscles of the eyeball. CN V has three divisions: V 1 and V 2 are sensory, and V 3 is both motor to skeletal muscle and sensory.

CN VII, IX and X are both motor and sensory. CN VIII is the special sense of hearing and balance. CN XI and XII are motor to skeletal muscle. CN III,
VII, IX and X also contain parasympathetic fibers of origin (visceral), although many of the ANS fibers will "jump" onto the branches of CN V to reach
their targets. The following table summarizes the types of fibers in each cranial nerve and where each passes through the cranium:

Cranial nerves emerge through foramina or fissures in the cranium

Twelve pairs

Numbered in order of origin from the brain and brain stem, rostral to caudal

Contain one or more of six different types of fibers

Motor fibers to voluntary muscles

Somatic motor fibers to striated muscles (1)

a. Orbit

b. Tongue

c. Neck (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)

Branchial motor (or special visceral efferent fibers) to striated muscles derived from pharyngeal arches (example: muscles of

mastication) (2)

Motor fibers to involuntary muscles = general visceral efferent (parasympathetic fibers) (3)

Sensory fibers

General visceral afferent fibers (4)

a. Carry sensation from viscera

b. Originate in carotid body, sinus, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract

General somatic afferent fibers carrying pain, pressure, temperature, touch information (5)

Special sensory afferent fibers conveying taste, smell, vision, hearing, and balance (6)

Can be sensory, motor, or mixed

Sensory Innervation of the Dura

Dura of the cranial fossae innervated by meningeal branches of cranial and cervical nerves

Anterior cranial fossa

Anterior meningeal branches of the ethmoidal nerves from ophthalmic nerves (CNV 1 )

Meningeal branches of the maxillary nerves (cranial nerve [CN] V 2 )

Meningeal branches of the mandibular nerves (CN V 3 )

Middle cranial fossa

Meningeal branches of the maxillary nerves (CN V 2 )

Meningeal branches of the mandibular nerves (CN V 3 )

Posterior cranial fossa

Tentorial nerve from ophthalmic nerve (CN V 1 )

Meningeal branches directly from C2 and C3 spinal nerves or carried by CN X (vagus) or CN XII (hypoglossal)

Cervical Plexus
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Formed from anterior rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

Consists of a series of loops and branches from the loops

Lies deep to sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anteromedial to levator scapulae and middle scalene muscles

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

Emerge from posterior border of SCM

Nerves from loop formed between anterior rami of C2 and C3

Lesser occipital (C2) to skin of neck and scalp posterior to auricle

Great auricular (C2 and C3) to skin over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle, and between angle of mandible and

mastoid process

Transverse cervical nerve (C2 and C3) to skin over anterior cervical region

Supraclavicular nerves

Arise from C3-C4 loop

Emerge from under SCM

Supply skin over clavicle, superior thoracic wall, and shoulder

Motor branches

Are considered deep branches

Innervate prevertebral muscles

Sternocleidomastoid (C2 and C3)

Trapezius (C3 and C4)

Levator scapulae (C3 and C4)

Motor fibers from C1 travel with hypoglossal nerve

Some C1 fibers leave hypoglossal nerve and innervate

a. Thyrohyoid muscle

b. Geniohyoid muscle

Rest leave the hypoglossal as its descending branch