The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide 59
Orthotics
Individuals with biomechanical conditions that result in pain and
injury may benefit from using orthotics in their running shoes. Orthotics are shoe inserts
that are customized to an individual’s biomechanics and foot type to provide good foot
support and motion control. First, a plaster mold of the foot is made and then inserts are
developed to correct the biomechanical problem(s). These inserts are usually made of cork
soles covered by flexible leather or hard plastic. Orthotics should be gradually broken in;
first wear them while walking and then progress to running. If not properly fitted, orthotics
may worsen the problem. A podiatrist or sports medicine specialist is required to have them
custom-made.
Table 4-1. The Right Shoe for Your Foot Type
Shoe Features Flat Feet Normal Feet
High-Arched
Feet
Last - Shape Straight Semi-curved Curved
Last - Construction Combination Combination Slip
Midsole Firm Soft or firm Soft
Motion Control Yes No No
Orthotic Sole
May be needed to
correct for over-
pronation
No No
External Heel
Counter
Yes No Yes
Recommended
Shoe Type
Motion control or
stability shoes
with firm mid-
soles
Stability shoes
with moderate
control features
such as two-
density mid-sole
Cushioned
shoes to
provide lots of
flexibility and
promote foot
motion
Avoid
Highly
cushioned and
curve-lasted
shoes
Motion control
or stability
shoes