0521779407-17 CUNY1086/Karliner 0 521 77940 7 June 4, 2007 21:18
Parainfluenza 1135■Major cause of laryngotracheitis bronchitis
■At least 50% croup due to parainfluenza
■Major problem infancy
Signs & Symptoms
■Croup: hoarseness, cough, inspiratory stridor with laryngeal
obstruction and fever, peak incidence 1–2 yrs
■Upper respiratory infection
■Pneumonia
■Bronchiolitis
■Expiratory wheezing with tachypnea, air trapping and retractions
■Mostly in first year of life
■Tracheobronchitis
■Cough, fever, large airway auscultation
■Occurs throughout childhood and adolescence
■Otitis media
■Pharyngitis
■Conjunctivitis
■Coryzatests
Specific
■Antigen detection (DFA or ELISA) in respiratory secretions available
most settings
➣Isolation of virus in respiratory secretions
➣Serology of limited value
differential diagnosis
n/a
management
■For hospitalized patients – contact precautions
specific therapy
■No specific antiviral
■Supportive management
■Racemic epinephrine is sometimes given to reduce airway obstruc-
tion.
■Steroids sometimes used
follow-up
n/a
complications and prognosis
■Neurologic disease/case reports of: