0521779407-C03 CUNY1086/Karliner 0 521 77940 7 June 4, 2007 20:54
376 Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1■Microsporidia: enteritis, watery diarrhea, no fecal leukocytes, fever
uncommon, malabsorption, wasting
■Entamoeba histolytica: colitis, bloody stools, cramps, no fecal leuko-
cytes (bloody stools), most are asymptomatic carriers.
■Giardia: enteritis, watery diarrhea with/without malabsorption,
wasting, bloating, flatulence
■Cyclospora: enteritis, watery diarrhea
■Leishmaniasis: visceral form – generalized involvement of reticu-
loendothelial system e.g. spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes;
cutaneous form – skin and mucosal lesions and ulcerations
Bacteria
■Tuberculosis (TB): diverse pulmonary symptoms, freq. extrapulm.
disease esp. meningitis and adenitis, usually fever, weight loss,
fatigue, reduced alertness, headache, meningismus, focal deficits.
■MAC: fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, enteritis, watery
diarrhea, no fecal leukocytes, fever and wasting common, diffuse
abdominal pain in late stage, hepatomegaly, diarrhea, splenomegaly,
abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy,
■Other atypical mycobacteria: M. kansasii associated with pulmonary
complaints and infiltrates
■Syphilis: erythematous macules and papules involving trunk,
extremities, palms, and soles, chancre; neurosyphilis – asympto-
matic; meningeal: headache, fever, photophobia, meningismus
±seizures, focal findings, cranial nerve palsies; labes dorsalis:
sharp pains, paresthesias, decreased DTRs, loss of pupil response;
meningovascular syphilis: strokes, myelitis; ocular syphilis – iritis,
uveitis, optic neuritis
■Bartonella hanselae/quintara: bacillary angiomatosis (flesh colored
or red-purple papules and nodules any place on skin, may resemble
Kaposi’s sarcoma); visceral disease common involving liver (hepatic
peliosis), lymph nodes, osteolytic bone lesions, and bacteremia
■Other bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (including community-
acquired MRSA): folliculitis±pruritus in trunk, groin, face; less
common: bullous impetigo, ecthyma, cellulitis, and abscesses; less
commonly, pulmonary complaints from pneumonia; Rhodococ-
cus equii: cough, dyspnea, cavitary pulmonary lesions; Salmonella:
watery diarrhea, fever, fecal leukocytes ; Shigella: watery diarrhea
or bloody flux, fever, fecal leukocytes; Campylobacter jejuni: watery
diarrhea or bloody flux, fever, fever leukocytes; Clostridium difficile:
watery diarrhea, fecal leukocytes, fever and leukocytosis common;
E. coli: watery diarrhea