- Flexion - bending of a joint that decreases the angle.
- Extension - straightening of a joint that increases the angle.
- Hypoextension - less extension than normal.
- Hyperextension - extension beyond normal limits.
- Abduction - away from the body.
- Adduction - toward the body.
- Pronation - palm turning down.
- Supination - palm turning up.
- Rotation - around an axis.
- Circumduction - circular movement.
- Protraction - forward motion, occurs at glenohumeral joint.
- Retraction - backward motion, occurs in the glenohumeral joint.
- Internal rotation - while rotating on its own long axis, the anterior surface moves towards
the midline.
- External rotation - while rotating on its own long axis, the anterior surface moves away from
the midline.
- Elevation - moving or lifting and body part in a superior direction.
- Depression - moving a body part in an inferior direction.
- Dorsiflexion - (ankle) pointing foot up towards body.
- Plantarflexion - (ankle) pointing foot down.
- Inversion - turning feet inward so the soles face each other.
- Eversion - turning the soles outward.
- Gliding - movement of non-angular joints over each other.
- Deviation - departure from the midline.
Biomechanical Movement