10 Leaders The Economist April 2nd 2022
T
he pastweek has been grim inAfghanistan.Manygirlshad
looked forward to going to secondary school on March 23rd.
But the Taliban broke an earlier promise and barred them, citing
their supposedly immodest uniforms. As if that were not bad
enough, Afghan women who venture far from home will now
need male chaperones, making it impractical to hold down a job
and needlessly hard to visit a hospital. Parks are to be segregated
by sex, to preserve public morals. Foreign broadcasters such as
the bbcwere taken off local channels. And it was reported that
government employees will be obliged to wear traditional dress
and sport beards. That would be tricky for women, had they not
mostly been sent home months ago.
President Joe Biden’s disorderly retreat from Kabul last year
doomed an elected government and allowed
the Taliban to seize power. That may or may not
have helped convince Vladimir Putin that the
West was weak and emboldened him to attack
Ukraine. What is certain is that it handed Af
ghanistan back to a group of violent misogyn
ists. And though the Taliban claim to have mel
lowed since they first ran the country in 1996
2001, many of them plainly have not. Granted,
they now allow girls to attend primary school, which they
banned before. But once those girls hit puberty they must put
down their books and stay out of sight (see Asia section).
The Taliban may have changed dispiritingly little in the past
two decades; but Afghan society has changed a lot. The share of
girls who attended primary school rose from zero in 2001 to 85%
by 2019. For secondary school it was a less impressive 40%. A
generation of Afghan women has tasted a measure of freedom.
Their voices have not entirely been silenced. Street protests have
erupted in Kabul against the closures of girls’ schools. Activists
lamenting them have appeared on local television. Some Afghan
men object to the loss of their wives’ income, and the hassle of
having to accompany them everywhere. Thegovernment’slastminute uturn over schools suggests
that even among the Taliban, there is internal disagreement.
The outside world must decide how best to encourage the re
gime’s less repressive elements. It is a tricky balancing act. Iso
lating Afghanistan would favour the hardliners; lifting all sanc
tions would reward a brutal regime. Overthrowing the Taliban
militarily, as the West did in 2001 after they harboured alQaeda
terrorists, is out of the question.
Some donors hope that economic pressure might persuade
them to change. Certain kinds of foreign assistance have been
made conditional on girls being allowed to go to school. Amer
ican officials have pulled out of talks with the Taliban in Doha,
where funding for education was to be discussed. The World
Bank has put $600m of development projects
on hold. However, history suggests that making
aid conditional on better behaviour by an un
willing regime seldom works.
Meanwhile, more than half the population is
suffering “acute food insecurity”, according to
the World Food Programme. Earlier this year the
unlaunched its largestever appeal for a single
country, hoping to raise $4.4bn. No one is try
ing to make such emergency aid conditional, but nor is the
world rushing to feed the 40m struggling Afghans. Only 13% of
the requested sum had been committed by March 31st, when a
pledging conference was to open. Some of the emergency aid
will inevitably leak and prop up the Taliban, but donors should
provide it anyway. Human lives are at stake.
To send a signal, nonemergency assistance and diplomatic
recognition should be withheld until female Afghans enjoy their
basic rights. But the argument must be won within the Taliban.
No society thrives by hobbling half its population. Those that
oppress women are more likely to be poor, violent and unstable.
Some Taliban know this and they must prevail over their reac
tionary brothers. Afghanistan’s future rests on this frail hope.nThe Taliban are shackling half the Afghan populationBack to the dark ages
AfghanistanA
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largest swing state, in the past 12 presidential elections FloridaWhat America can learn from Florida’s boomHere comes the Sunshine State
Florida