The Economist April 2nd 2022 27
EuropeHungary’selectionLast-ditch pitch
T
he rally stretched half a kilometre
along the Danube, past Budapest’s
Technical University where in 1956 stu
dents launched a doomed rebellion
against their communist overlords. It was
March 15th, the day Hungary commemo
rates its revolution of 1848. On the stage Pe
ter MarkiZay, the opposition candidate for
prime minister, was invoking history. In
1848, 1956 and 1989, when the communists
were finally ousted, Hungarians had been
“on the right side”, he said. Now they were
embarrassed by their country, which had
become the fief of one man: Viktor Orban.
In 12 years as prime minister Mr Orban
had split the nation and enriched only his
own supporters. He had turned Hungary
towards Russia and autocracy, and away
from Europe and the rule of law. Mr Marki
Zay promised support for the euand nato
in Ukraine, inclusion for gay people and an
economy based on merit rather than politi
cal connections. Hungarian, Ukrainian, eu
and rainbow flags waved in the crowd.
Across the river Mr Orban was address
ing a far bigger throng with a very different
message. The annual governmentspon
sored “Peace March” had been turned into
a rally for the ruling party, Fidesz. “It is not
in our interests to become casualties in
someone else’s war,” Mr Orban said.
Ukraine’s refugees deserved help (some
thing he did not say about migrants from
Syria in 201415), but he would not let arms
be transferred through Hungary or accept
sanctions on Russian energy that hurt its
economy. The opposition would drag Hun
gary into the war, in which it would be a
mere pawn on the chessboard of America
and Russia. He would stay out—and stop
“gender madness” too. Here the flags were
of Hungary or Fidesz; the few blueand
yellow ones were not Ukrainian, but the
banner of Romania’s ethnic Hungarians.
Hungary’s election on April 3rd is more
than a routine vote in a small centralEuropean country. Because Mr Orban is a hero
to many rightwing populists in Europe
and America, it is a crucial test for them.
The war in Ukraine adds an extra dimen
sion. The Hungarian leader has longestab
lished ties to Vladimir Putin, and has
emerged as the most reluctant member of
the coalition against him. Volodymyr Ze
lensky, Ukraine’s president, singled him
out in a speech on March 24th to the Euro
pean Council, demanding that he and
Hungary “decide which side you are on”.
That casts the election as part of a global
struggle between liberal democracy and
populist autocracy. Hungary is still a de
mocracy, but in his three consecutive
terms Mr Orban has undermined demo
cratic norms. The media, the courts, the
education system and other institutions
are largely controlled by Fidesz or by
friendly oligarchs. In 2014 Mr Orban spoke
of turning Hungary into an “illiberal state”.
It has since become the only eucountry
rated by Freedom House, a watchdog, as
only “partly free” rather than “free”.
Mr Orban’s allies see themselves as pa
triotic Christian conservatives, fighting an
alliance of globalists who want to erase na
tional traditions and swamp Europe with
migrants. Their bêtes noiresare the Euro
pean Commission and George Soros, a
Hungarianborn billionaire and liberal
philanthropist. Mr Orban’s critics think his
main goals are actually financial. His rela
tives and friends in business have become
hugely wealthy; much euaid ends up go
ing to them. To its opponents OrbanismB UDAPEST
A united opposition tries to stop Viktor Orban’s creeping autocracy→Alsointhissection
29 Germany’senergydependence
30 TheracetightensinFrance
32 Charlemagne: Accession for Ukraine