32 Europe The Economist April 2nd 2022
Of bureaucratsandlovers
B
eing a memberof the European Union is, like marriage, a bi
nary thing: either you are or you are not. Unlike marriage, little
romance is involved in getting there. Ukraine got a taste of this in
2013 when it negotiated an “association agreement” with the bloc,
a deal to keep both sides sweet while they mulled a closer union.
The document came in at 2,135 pages. It included 44 uses of the
term inter aliaand 12 mutatis mutandises. One annexe sets out the
quality of paper (“not less than 25 g/m^2 ”) and size (“210 × 297mm; a
tolerance of up to minus 5mm or plus 8mm in the length may be
allowed”) to be used in certain official correspondence. Even by
the standards of prenups, it was charmless.
So firm has Ukraine’s belief been that its future lies within the
European family of nations that such soullessness did not cool its
ardour. In 2019 its aspiration to become a member of the euwas
enshrined in its constitution. War has further fanned the flames
of attraction, at least in one direction. Within a week of Russia in
vading on February 24thPresident Volodymyr Zelensky called for
a shotgun wedding under a “fasttrack” accession procedure. Eu
rope, in full mutatis mutandismode, has made clear that there is no
such thing and rules are rules. These stipulate that aspirant mem
bers must adopt decadesworth of eu edicts on everything from
how food is labelled to how banks are regulated. Even that only re
sults in eumembership for those countries the club has commit
ted itself to. Ukraine is not among them.
Europe needs to let go of the ablative absolutes and allow its ro
mantic side to shine through. Yes, the euhas rules and these mat
ter: how else could a marriage of French officiousness and Ger
manic efficiency have endured for six decades? And indeed Uk
raine is not going to meet the accession criteria for several years
yet. Nobody thinks it should become the eu’s 28th member imme
diately—not even Mr Zelensky, probably. But Ukraine craves a
commitment that, if it carries out the necessary reforms over the
coming years, it will be allowed to become a member of the club.
To this Europe should say: “I will.”
Such a decision is principally one for national governments, all
27 of which need to agree on matters relating to enlargement.
Plenty want at least to give Ukraine a “European perspective”, Eu
rospeak for starting the process of enlargement informally. TheeasternEuropeanstateswould like for it to be officially consi
dered a candidate for membership, a step further in the complex
accession process. Reluctance from oldtimers such as the Neth
erlands and Denmark, as well as lukewarm French support, mean
the euthus far is only agreeing to “support Ukraine in pursuing its
European path”, which is diplomatic lingo for nothing. The Euro
pean Commission has been asked to produce a report, a timehon
oured stalling tactic.
Ukraine’s misfortune—beyond sharing a border with Vladimir
Putin’s Russia—is to have brought up the question of eumember
ship at a time when enlargement fatigue reigns. No new member
has been let in since Croatia in 2013. A handful of accession appli
cations from the western Balkans are essentially frozen. That is in
part because governments in countries from previous waves of ac
cession, notably Poland and Hungary, have not lived up to their
commitments on corruption and the rule of law. Diplomats from
founding countries of the eu mutter that they would be keener to
divorce existing member states than tie the knot with new ones.
Ukraine is different. Becoming an eumember is a milestone
for any country. But it would have special resonance in this case.
Mr Putin, desperate to stop Ukraine from slipping out of Russia’s
sphere of influence, derailed the signing of that association agree
ment in 2013. The ensuing Maidan protests in Kyiv featured a sea
of demonstrators waving euflags with more ardour than is ever
seen inside the bloc. Dozens were shot and killed for it before a
thuggish Kremlinbacked Ukrainian president fled to Russia. The
eudeal was ratified in 2014. By then, Russia had annexed Crimea
and invaded eastern Ukraine, a prelude to the current war.Amor vincit omnia
Several arguments are made against giving Ukraine even informal
assurances of future eu membership. Emmanuel Macron of
France says one could hardly open talks about accession with a
country at war. That is beside the point, as what Ukraine really
wants is a promise that once hostilities cease it can start jumping
through the required hoops—a process that took ten years for
Croatia, and would take longer for a country needing reconstruc
tion to boot. Mark Rutte, the Dutch prime minister, argues that im
mediate ways of helping Ukraine, such as supplying it with arms
or imposing sanctions on Russia, matter more than longterm as
pirations. Yet as Benjamin Tallis of the Hertie School in Berlin
points out, the issue of euaccession is important enough for Mr
Zelensky, a man with rather a lot going on, to keep bringing it up.
Some argue that any signal that Ukraine will one day join the
eumight provoke Russia. Into doing what that it is not already do
ing, exactly? Others say it would complicate peace talks. Again, Mr
Zelensky probably knows best when it comes to Ukraine’s nation
al interest. Is there not a collective defence mechanism in the eu
that would tie existing member states to Ukraine? In truth that
carries little weight. Bending the rules and giving Ukraine a status
other countries have earned through years of reforms would ruffle
Balkan feathers. That is true, but manageable.
Much would need to go right for Ukraine to join the eu. It needs
to fend off Russia, find a suitable peace then improve what until
the war began had been a distinctly patchy record of reforms. If it
pulls all of that off, letting a Europeminded Ukraine into the club
would not be a favour to Kyiv, as some stuffier member states seem
to think, but a boon to the eu, too. As things standEuropean lead
ers are thinking with their heads, as bureaucratsarewont to do.
But a union—any union—is a thing of the heart, too.nCharlemagne
It will take years for Ukraine to become an eumember. Better start working on it now