The Economist April 2nd 2022 Special report Florida 7MakingpolicyApeninsulamakes waves
I
t isbestknownasthehomeof“FloridaMan”,infamousforodd
ballresidentscommittingdubiousdeedsinvolvingalligators
andthelike.YetFloridahasa recordofcreatingpoliciesthatcatch
onelsewhere.Anearlyexamplecamein1889,whenitbecamethe
firststatetoadopta polltax,requiringpeopletopaytovote,inef
fectkeepingblackvotersawayfromtheballotbox,saysDarryl
Paulson,anacademic.Therearemanyotherexamplesofpioneer
ingpolicies,forworseorbetter.In 1967 lawmakerspassedthefirst
highlyregarded“sunshine”lawrequiringpublicmeetingstobe
open.ThisbecameoneofAmerica’sfirstopenmeetingslaws.Vot
ersaddedtoitin 1992 througha constitutionalamendmentguar
anteeingtherightofaccesstogovernmentmeetingsandrecords.
Otherpoliciesaremoreproblematic.In 2005 Floridawasthe
firststatetopassa “standyourground”lawattheurgingofthe
NationalRifleAssociation,whichmakesiteasierforpeopleto
claimselfdefence.Ithassincespreadtootherstates,withtrou
blingconsequences.Recentlythelawwasinvokedata murderFloridahasa historyasa policylaboratoryMiami’s makeoverTech in the city
U
rbanrenewalsrarelytracetheiroriginstoTwitter,butthen
Miamiisnoconventionalcity.“HowcanI help?”FrancisSua
rez,Miami’smayor,askedonTwitterin2020,aftera techentre
preneursuggestedmovingSiliconValleyoutoftheBayArea.Mr
SuarezhasanenthusiasticfollowingashetriestorebrandMiami
froma partyparadiseintoa hubfordigitalfinanceandtechnology.
Heevensportsatshirtcarryinga “#HowCanIHelp?”tagline.
Withthehighestshareofforeignbornresidentsofanymetro
area(morethanhalfitspeoplewerenotborninAmerica),Miami
isa vibrantcitywitha strongLatinoinfluence.Itsdiversityison
displayinthepoliticalleadership.MiamiDadeCountyisledby
DaniellaLevineCava,a NewYorkbornDemocratwithJewishheri
tage,andMiamicityhasMrSuarez,a Republicanwhosefather
servedasthefirstCubanbornmayor.
Cubans arrived in the 1960s, turning Miami into a base for anti
communist organising. Mr Suarez wants to attract a different sort:
coastal techies and others wanting to move from highcost, high
tax states to a sunny climate. A handful of venture capitalists and
investment firms have moved to Miami, as have some cryptocur
rency exchanges. Mr Suarez was the first mayor to say he would ac
cept his salary in bitcoin and has proposed allowing Miamians to
pay bills in cryptocurrency. His embrace of crypto has attracted
both interest and scepticism: some see it as the latest example of
Miami playing host to a speculative bubble.
The city of nearly 500,000 has plenty of boosters. “The magic of
this place is that people are happy,” says Keith Rabois, a venture
capitalist who decamped from the Bay Area. “If you’re here right
now, you’re actually shaping what this city is going to be versus
joining an institution of what it already is,” adds Jeff Zalensky, a
restaurateur who moved his firm’s headquarters from New York
during the pandemic. He says that Mr Suarez’s approach to help
ing people relocate businesses to Miami is quite unlike other cit
ies whose politicians fail to offer much support. “Isn’t that what
public officials are supposed to do, help the people that are com
ing to their cities succeed?” he asks.
Can Miami be the “city of the future” that Mr Suarez touts? For
Latin Americafocused businesses it certainly has advantages. Its
weather, lifestyle and eastern time zone are attractive for a jetset
crowd with global ties. The fact that Miami is not dominated by a
single industry, as Silicon Valley is by tech, also enhances its ap
peal, says Grant Gittlin, an investor who has relocated. Of the top
ten corporate employers in Florida, two are based in Miami: Na
varro Discount Pharmacies, a chain of drug stores, and Royal Ca
ribbean Group, a cruise line.
Yet the city has challenges. “No matter what people say about
Miami, it’s mostly filled with people bringing resources from oth
er areas and is still a difficult place to build a career,” says Richard
Florida, author of “The Rise of the Creative Class”. He points out
that by share of knowledge workers the Miami metro area ranks
50th out of 53 large metros with over a million people and 42nd for
the share of adults with a bachelor’s degree or higher.
There is no topnotch university spewing out computersci
ence graduates, a drawback for an aspiring tech hub. Rising sea
levels will become a problem. Housing is already one. Miami is
one of the least affordable cities in America. Homelessness is at arecordlow,butitisa matter of time before an “explosion of mas
sive street homelessness of our workforce”, predicts Annie Lord of
Miami Homes for All, a nonprofit group. “How is it that in a ser
vice economy, where we have pretensions of being a tech and fi
nance hub, there isn’t a place for the labour force to live?” she asks.
Mr Suarez has hitched his career to Miami’s success. But urban
challenges such as housing, education and labour supply are
harder to deal with than receptive entrepreneurs. Mr Suarez
makes no secret of his ambitions for higher office. He is expected
to run for governor once Mr DeSantis vacates the post and is one of
a growing cohort of Floridianswith presidential aspirations. Plen
ty of Miami enthusiastswillbeasking how they can help him
navigate his political ascent.nM IAMI
An ambitious mayor is trying to transform Miami’s appealLow-tech living