The Economist April 2nd 2022 71
Science & technologyAlternativeenergyScavenger hunt
P
erched as itis above a harbour on the
Dingle peninsula, on Ireland’s Atlantic
coast, Mike Fitzgerald’s office has an un
paralleled view of the domain he hopes to
conquer: the open sea. As founder and boss
of Net Feasa, a name derived from the Irish
word for knowledge, Mr Fitzgerald’s ambi
tion is to fit a sensor to each of the millions
of shipping containers that are moving
around the world. By using these to track
the locations of, and conditions experi
enced by, those containers, and transmit
ting that information back to the people
who need to know via satellite when a con
tainer is at sea and via a mobilephone net
work when it is in port or on land, he be
lieves firms will be able to maximise the ef
ficiency of supply chains.
And supplychain oversight is but one
of the benefits small, remotely connected
sensors can bring. People already interact
with many of them—sometimes knowing
ly, such as those in smart watches, some
time less so, such as those which regulatetemperature and lighting in their offices.
Some folk, indeed, talk grandly of the re
sult being an interconnected network akin
to an “internet of things” (iot).
Whether or not that comes to pass,
there will be a lot more such sensors in the
future. In 2017, researchers at arm, a chip
maker, predicted that the world would
have a trillion of them by 2035. Even more
sober estimates run into the tens or hun
dreds of billions. And they will all need
power. Lest batterymakers start rubbing
their hands in glee at this new market,
though, Mr Fitzgerald, and others like him,
have a different idea. Their version of this
future will not be battery powered. Instead, the sensors populating it will scav
enge for a living.
Net Feasa is building sensors to do just
that. They are powered by vibrations, heat
and light, using technology developed in
collaboration with Mike Hayes of the Tyn
dall National Institute, in Cork. The elec
tricity thus generated is then stored in de
vices called supercapacitors, whence it is
instantly available. Only in case of dire en
ergy starvation need the system call on the
backup battery installed in it. As a conse
quence, that battery should never need re
placement. All of this is packed into a de
vice a few centimetres across, which is de
signed to fit unobtrusively on a shipping
container’s doors. And these devices are al
ready proving themselves in early trials. Secret source
Net Feasa is not alone. Sensors that draw
power from the environment, either to
supplement a battery or to replace it, are
starting to spread. Managers at EnOcean, a
German company that is one of the leading
firms in the field, estimate that some 20m
of the firm’s products have been installed
in a million buildings around the world.
The most advanced are those that use
light. Their powerpacks are similar to so
lar cells, but are adjusted to cope with the
fact that the artificial interior lighting they
are scavenging is both weaker than sun
light and of a different colour. Such photoSensors that run on light, heat and vibrations, instead of batteries, are all the rage→Alsointhissection
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