The Economist April 9th 2022 15
BriefingThe French presidential election
O
n april 6th2016 a 38yearold former
investment banker who, two years be
fore, had been appointed as a minister in
France’s Socialist government announced
that he wanted to change French politics.
Standing in front of an audience in his
home town of Amiens he declared that the
old divisions between left and right were
not relevant to 21stcentury challenges.
Matters such as climate change, or Europe,
split the established mainstream parties as
much as they held them together. It was
time for a “political movement” that would
be “neither on the left nor the right”.
The event was the talk of France’s politi
cal classes. But maybe only the man on the
stage believed that the movement he was
starting would go as far as it has. “At the
time we didn’t even know if Emmanuel
Macron would run for the presidency,” re
calls Brigitte Fouré, the mayor of Amiens.
In May 2017 Mr Macron won his first ev
er elected office, leaving the established
Gaullist and Socialist parties in his wake
and squarely defeating Marine Le Pen of
the National Front to become president of
the republic. That June his movement, “La
République en Marche”, took 53% of the
seats in the National Assembly. Mr Macron
had a legislature at his command.
By occupying a broad centrist space,
and borrowing talent from both the Social
ist Party and the Republicans, Mr Macron
has accomplished much in the five years
since then. As he returns to the polls—the
first round of the presidential election is
on April 10th, with the two candidates who
get the most votes then pitted against each
other in a runoff two weeks later—he has a
lead that most other heads of large democ
racies could only dream of. He looks likely
to be the first French president to win re
election while enjoying a majority in par
liament since Charles de Gaulle in 1965. But
the elections also show the troubling side
of the bouleversementin which Mr Macron
upended the party system: the resilience of
the extremes.
One of the remarkable things about
was that the two mainstream parties man
aged just 26% of the firstround vote be
tween them, with neither making it into
the second round. They will fare even
worse this time. As of April 6th, The Econo-
mist’s poll of polls suggested that Valérie
Pécresse, from the centreright Republi
cans, and the Socialists’ Anne Hidalgo
would together secure a mere 11% of the
vote. The three leading radical populists—
Ms Le Pen and Eric Zemmour on the right,
and JeanLuc Mélenchon on the left—will
dwarf this figure with a combined 46%.
Add in small fry on the fringes and those
telling pollsters they will vote for candi
dates beyond the historic mainstream
make up 54% of the electorate.
Mr Macron’s victory in 2017 was in part
due to the extremists' success keeping the
mainstream out of the second round. In a
headtohead race he trounced the hard
right Ms Le Pen. With Britain having cho
sen Brexit the year before, and America
having put Donald Trump in the White
House, this triumph by a charismatic if un
tested standardbearer for broadly liberal,
internationalist centrism was heralded as
a setback for populism of global import.
With the Gaullists and Socialists still
nowhere, there is a 90% chance that this
election’s second round will be a rerun of
2017’s. Its result, though, looks like being a
great deal closer: the number of people
willing to shift their allegiance to Ms Le
Pen from other candidates is much higher
than it was. No poll of secondround vot
ing intentions has as yet shown Ms Le Pen
as the winner. But our poll of polls puts the
likely result at 53% to 47%. In many sys
tems that would be a landslide. Compared
with 66% to 34% last time it looks worry
ingly close. At this stage in 2017 our statisti
cal model of the election gave Ms Le Pen a
1% chance of overall victory. On April 6th
this year the equivalent number was 21%
(see chart 1 on next page).
By the standards of his recent predeces
sors, Mr Macron’s first mandate must be
A MIENS AND PARIS
Emmanuel Macron has had a remarkable run which looks likely to continue;
but things are getting harder
Standing out from the crowd