Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

chapter 34 Mycobacterial Infections................................

DEFINITION/OVERVIEW

 Mycobacteria: genus of gram-positive, aerobic, acid-fast bacteria (genusMycobac-

terium).

 Obligate or sporadic pathogens in humans and animals.

 Saprophytic pathogens may cause localized (immunocompetent host) or dissemi-

nated (immunodeficient host) disease.

 Relatively uncommon cause of nodular dermatoses in dogs and cats.

ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 Tuberculosis:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(humans); uncommon infection in dogs and cats
M. bovis(cattle and some wild mammals); higher incidence in cats than in dogs
M. microti(voles); dogs and cats exposed to infected primary hosts sporadically

infected

M. aviumcomplex: consists ofM. aviumsubspeciesavium,hominissus,and

paratuberculosis.

 Feline leprosy syndrome:
M. lepraemurium
M. visibile
M. ulcerans
M. kansasii
M. szulgai
M. leprae
M. haemophilum
M. malmoense
Additional unnamed species reported;Mycobacteriumsp. strain Tarwin.

 Canine leproid granuloma syndrome:
Caused by unnamed slow-growing Mycobacterium sp. identified by DNA

sequencing.

Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Small Animal Dermatology, Third Edition.
Karen Helton Rhodes and Alexander H. Werner.
©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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