CHAPTER 48 VASCULITIS 699
Vaccination associated: poodle, Maltese, silky terrier, Yorkshire terrier.
Varies depending on cause.
Provocative drug exposure (e.g., penicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, and
hydralazine) given to sensitized animal.
Exposure to ticks.
Dirofilariasis.
Skin lesions may be the only symptom, or precede or follow systemic symptoms.
CLINICAL FEATURES
Alopecia.
Palpable purpura.
Hemorrhagic bullae.
Crusting and scarring.
Mottled pigmentary changes (hyper- or hypopigmentation).
Necrosis and “punched-out” ulcers.
Affects extremities, pinnae, lips, tail, and oral mucosa, especially “dependent” or dis-
tant regions (tail tip, pinnal tip, claws) and areas of pressure (elbows, footpads) (Fig-
ures 48.1–48.5).May be painful or pruritic.
Anorexia, depression, pyrexia, pitting edema of the extremities, arthropathy or pol-
yarthropathy, hepatopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and myopathy – dependent on
the underlying cause (Figures 48.6, 48.7).Systemic signs reflecting organ involvement (e.g., hepatic, renal, and CNS).
Systemic signs of illness (e.g., lethargy, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia, vague signs of
pain, and weight loss).
Cutaneous lesions of polyarteritis nodosa (subcutaneous nodules: less common in
dogs than in human beings).
Signs associated with underlying infectious or immune-related disease (e.g., throm-
bocytopenia and polyarthropathy).
Proliferative arteritis of the nasal philtrum: St Bernard (Figure 48.8).
Juvenile polyarteritis syndrome of beagle dogs (JPS) – multisystemic necrotizing vas-
culitis of small vessels.
Ear margin vasculitis/vasculopathy/seborrhea in dachshunds.
Familial cutaneous vasculopathy of German shepherd dogs.
Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy of greyhound dogs: verotoxin-induced
(proposed) palpable purpura leading to multiple lesions of ulceration and necrosis;
associated with renal compromise or failure.Solar vasculopathy: associated with other sun-aggravated or induced dermatoses
(e.g., discoid lupus erythematosus).
Proliferative thrombovascular necrosis: focal to multifocal areas of pinnal ulceration
and crusting (Figure 48.9).
Neutrophilic leukocytoclastic vasculitis of Jack Russell terriers.