Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

66 BASICS

 Chediak–Higashi syndrome: Persian cats (blue smoke color), white tigers, Hereford,

cattle, Aleutian mink; macromelanosomes; photophobia, immunodeficiency, bleeding

disorders.

 Oculocutaneous albinism: white Persian cats with heterochromic irides and deafness.

 Canine cyclic hematopoiesis, gray collie syndrome, canine cyclic neutropenia; light-

colored nose often diagnostic; hepatic and renal failure; often fatal by 2 years of age.

 Color dilution and cerebellar degeneration in Rhodesian ridgeback dogs: bluish coat

color associated with Purkinje cell degeneration; lethal.

 Acquired aurotrichia of miniature schnauzers: young adults, patchy golden hairs of

the trunk, unknown cause.

 Nevus/nevi: hyperpigmented macules and patches, nonsymptomatic (Figure 6.96).

 Melanoma: pigmented tumors (Figure 6.97).

CLAW AND CLAWFOLD DERMATOSES

 Special considerations for the claw/clawfold regions:
Symmetrical claw problems (multiple claws on multiple paws) often indicate

immune-mediated, metabolic, genetic, nutritional, or viral etiologies

Asymmetrical distribution (one or multiple claws on one paw) is more likely to

identify infections, trauma, or neoplasm.

 Fungal infections: dermatophyte,Malassezia,Candida,Blastomyces,Cryptococcus,

Geotrichosis,Sporothrix.

 Bacterial infections: may be primary or secondary to trauma (Figure 6.98).

 Parasitic disease: demodicosis, hookworm dermatitis, ascarids (Figure 6.99).

 Protozoal disease: leishmaniasis.

 Viral disease: FeLV, FIV.

 Trauma: chemical (fertilizers, floor cleansers, salt), acquired arteriovenous fistula.

 Immune-mediated diseases: lupoid onychodystrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus.

pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, vasculitis, adverse

drug reactions, vaccine reactions, cryoglobulinemia, eosinophilic plaque (EGC) (Fig-

ures 6.100–6.103).

 Metabolic diseases: hypothyroidism (dog), hyperthyroidism (cat), diabetes melli-

tus, hyperadrenocorticism, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, acromegaly (macrony-

chia and onychogryphosis) (Figure 6.104).

 Genetic diseases: epidermolysis bullosa, dermatomyositis, seborrhea, linear epider-

mal nevus, anonychia, supernumerary claws, onychorrhexis in dachshunds (Fig-

ure 6.105).

 Neoplasm: squamous cell carcinoma, metatastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinoma,

mast cell tumors, melanoma, keratoacanthoma, lymphosarcoma, hemangiopericy-

toma, osteosarcoma, myxosarcoma (Figures 6.106, 6.107).

 Miscellaneous: deficiencies, lethal acrodermatitis, zinc-responsive dermatosis, dis-

seminated intravascular coagulopathy, idiopathic onychodystrophy, idiopathic ony-

chomadesis, ergotism, thallotoxicosis, feline plasma cell pododermatitis.