0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
WineSpirits
4-VG-
4-VG+
Beer Saké
Bioethanol
Wild Bread
Laboratory
Bel/Ger
US
Britain Beer 2MixedWineAsiaMosaic
0%
25%
50%
75%
100% 4-VG-
4-VG+
x
x
x
x
Mating type a Mating type α
(1)
(2)
(3)
BE027
SA005
Hybrid 1
Hybrid 2
Hybrid 3
Hybrid 4
BE027-a SA005-α
BE027-α
BE027-α
SA005-α^0
20
40
60
80
100
120
BE027SA005 BE027-aBE027-αSA005-aSA005-αHybrid 1Hybrid 2Hybrid 3Hybrid 4
Parental
Haploid
Hybrid
4-VG production (au)
B
C
D
SA005-a
BE027-a
SA005-a
A
WI015
BE055
WL007
BE040
SA006
BE057
WL005
BE076
BE066
WI007
WI012
BE069
BE026
WI016
BE004
SA003
BE009
BE020
BE005
WI019
BE042
BE098
WI005
BE041
SP008
BE064
BE084
BE097
SA004
BE073
WI009
BE095
BE028
BE046
BE077
BE031
BE015
BE089
BE051
BE094
WL002
BE085
BE050
BE078
BR001
SA002WI006
BE062
BE012
BE054
SP002
BE086
BI005
BE010
BI004
BE032
spar
WI008
BE088
WI018
BE027
BE048
BE070
BE060
BE007
BE021
BE014
SA007
BI001
BE049
BE058
BE053
BE018
WI010
BE080
BE067
BR002
BE093
BE038
BE044
BE030
BE091
BE013
BE101
BE019
BE043
WI013
WI002
BE017
BE068
BE083
WL006
BE003
BE039
BE079
SP004
BE008
BE035
BE099
BE025
BE087
BE002
BE034
BE022
BE029
BI002
SP007
SA005
BE052
BR003
WI003
BE074
BE023
SP005
BI003
BE065
WL003
BE081
SA001
BE045
BE075
BE072
BE024
BE071
BE033
BE037
BE090
BE036
BE047
WI001
WI004
SP001
BE001
SP011
WI017
BE082
WL004
BE011
WL001
WI014
LA001
BE059
SP009
BE092
BE096
BE006
BE102
BE061
BE056
WI011
BE016
SP006
SP010
SP003
BE100
BR004
BE063
LA002
Q86*Y98*W102*K54*Q154*c.495_496insAc.864delAR309*W497*
PAD1 FDC1
BE069
BE098
SA007
BE082
BE039
WL007
WI013
SP010
SP007
BE089
BE061
WL002
BE009
BE032
BI004
BE023
BE055
BE037
BE099
BE010
BE040WI011
BE015BE041
BR003
WL004
BE029
WI008
BE011
BE026
BE100
BE046
SA006
BE093
BE020
WI005
BE058
BE097
SP009
WI006
SP002
BE087
BE101
BE064
SP004
BE074
BE004
BE052
SP001
BE005
BE014
BI001
WI009WI007
SP003
SP011
WI016
BE030
BE053
BE067
SP008
BE042BE102
BE092
BE084
BE088
SA005
SP006
EB 970
BE072
BE083
BE025
SA004
BE003
BE090
BE049
BE065
BE071
BE050
BE057
BE047
BE060
BE031
BE070
BE027
BE028
WI018
BE077
WL005
WI004
BE033
WI003
WI015
BE080
BR004
BE095
BR002
BE017
BE016BE038
BE036
BE043
(^670) E
B
BE044
LA001
BE002
BE085
BE094
BE051
BE078
BE018
BE035
WL003
BE091
BE063
BE019BE012
BE013
BE066
SP005
BE008
WI014
WL006
BE001
WI002
BE006
BE073
BR001
BE021
BE024
SA003
BI002
BE056
WL001
BE096
BE062
WI001
BE081
BE045
SA002
SA001
WI019 BE068WI012
BE022
WI010
BE086
BE007
BE054
WI017
BI003
BE034
BE075
BE059
LA002
spar
BE048
WI014
BE034
BE011
BE081
BI002
BE069
BE09 4
BE003
BE006
BE061
SA007
BE077
BE080
SP011
BE030WI008
SP010
WL001
WI016
BR004
BE020
SP004
SP008
BE088
BE078
WI007
BR002
BE050
SP006
BE009
BE032
WI001
BE023
BE057
BE022
BE045
BE070
WI012
BR003
BE033
BE048BE053
BE019
BE013
spar
BE014
BE055
WI019
SA003
BE044BE095
BE062
WL002
WI017
(^400) IW
BE005 BE098
SA004
WL006
BI004
BE041
BI005 BE086BE038
BE046
BE092
BE068
BE027
BE084
BE015
BE025
BE087
BE102
BE052
WI009
BE004
LA001
BE064
110 IW
BE075 BE059
BE039
WI003
BE056
WI006
BE043
SP007
BE090
SA001
BI001
BE066
BE067
BE040
BE021
WI010
BE091
BE072
24 0EB
LA002
BE001
WI013
BE101
BE083
BE016
SP002
BE060
WI002
BE047
SA002
BE063
SP001
BE026
BE100
BE054
SP005
BR001
BE024
WL004BE018WI005
BE076
BE035
BE058
BE049
BI003
WL005
BE03 6
BE074
BE031 SA006
BE079
SP003
SA005
BE073BE012
BE017
BE037
WL007
WI015
BE085 BE065
SP009
BE029 BE010
BE099
(^700) EB BE096
BE093
BE051
BE028
BE002 WL003
BE089
BE008
BE071 BE082BE097
WI018
6.0E-4 5.0E-4
PAD1 FDC1
(1)
Figure 5. Production of 4-Vinyl Guaiacol by IndustrialS. cerevisiaeStrains
(A) Distribution of loss-of-function SNPs and frame-shift mutations inFDC1andPAD1of industrialS. cerevisiaestrains. Gray boxes indicate the presence of the
loss-of-function mutation, diagonal bars indicate heterozygosity at this site. Strains are clustered according to the strain phylogeny and strain names are colored
according to their origin. Basal splits of the five industrial lineages are indicated with colored dots (seeFigure 1A).
(legend continued on next page)
1406 Cell 166 , 1397–1410, September 8, 2016