Science - USA (2022-04-15)

To better interpret changes in sensory stim-
ulus representation after learning, we first ex-
amined the stability of somatic CS responses

across days in naïve animals under head-fixed

two-photon imaging conditions. The somatic

tone responsiveness was strongly conserved

on up to 4 consecutive days, indicating a high

cross-day stability of CS responses in LA PNs

of nonconditioned animals (fig. S5).

d’Aquinet al.,Science 376 , eabf7052 (2022) 15 April 2022 3 of 13

Fig. 2. Increased dendrite-specific
activity during auditory stimulation.
(A) Reconstructed dendritic arbor of
a recorded neuron. (B) Ca2+traces
of the soma and five dendritic branches
of the neuron shown in (A). Blue vertical
lines indicate tone presentations, gray
dots indicate detected Ca2+transient,
and arrowheads indicate compartment-
specific Ca2+transients. (C) Example
of automatically detected“soma +
dendrite”or“dendrite-only”Ca2+
transients. (D) Normalized Ca2+transient
amplitude correlation between the
soma and dendrites in (A) (r, Pearson’s
correlation). (E) Soma-dendrite coupling
decreases with distance from the
soma.r, Pearson’s correlation between
somatic and dendritic Ca2+traces (mean ±
SEM,n= 113 soma-dendrite pairs from
13 neurons from seven mice). (F) Normal-
ized amplitude in somas during Ca2+
transients detected in dendrites. For each
distribution, events with low (<0.2)
or high (>0.2) normalized amplitude were
fitted with a Gaussian model. (G) Lower
amplitude in somas during dendrite only
transients (P< 0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum
test,n=215 soma-dendrite pairs).
(H) Normalized Ca2+event amplitude in
dendrites. Each distribution is fitted with
a Gaussian model. (I) Lower amplitude
in dendrites during dendrite only transients
(P< 0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test,n=
215 soma-dendrite pairs). (J) Number
of dendrites from a cell participating to
soma + dendrite transients (n= 113
dendrites from 13 neurons from seven
mice). (K) Number of dendrites from a
cell participating to dendrite-only transients.
(L) Number of dendrites from a cell
participating to Ca2+transients (P< 0.001,
Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (M) Proportion
of dendrites from a cell participating to
transients co-occurring at the soma and in
at least one dendrite. (N) Proportion of
dendrites from a cell participating to
dendrite-only transients. A small propor-
tion of recorded dendrites from a cell are
co-active during dendrite-only transients.
(O) Proportion of dendrites from a cell
participating to Ca2+transients (P< 0.001,
Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (P) Higher rate
of dendrite-specific transients during tone
presentation (soma + dendrite,P= 0.020 Wilcoxon signed-rank test; dendrite only,P= 0.008 Wilcoxon signed-rank test,n=113 dendrites from 13 neurons from seven
mice). (Q) Similar normalized amplitude of dendritic Ca2+transients during spontaneous and tone-locked soma/dendrite transients (P= 0.570, Student’sttest).
(R) Similar normalized integral tone response of dendritic Ca2+transients during spontaneous and tone-locked soma-dendrite transients (P= 0.984, Wilcoxon signed-
rank test). (S) Higher amplitude of tone-locked than spontaneous dendrite-only transients (P< 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test,n=53 dendrites from 13 neurons).
(T) Similar integral of tone-locked compared with spontaneous dendrite-only transients (P= 0.071, Student’sttest).

d 3

d 4

d 2

d 5

d 1

d 4 d 3

d 2

20 μm

d 5

C Soma + dendriteDendrite only

A B

d 1

Soma

39

40

45

78

(^256) Distance (
μm
) from soma
Dendrite 2
30 s
2 z-score
Soma
Dendrite
30 s
2 z-score
Distance from soma (μm)
Soma-dendrite correlation (r)
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
80 160240320
r = -0.900
P = 0.002
0
% Transients^0
2
4
6
-0.5 0 0.5 1
all events
dendrite only
all transients fit
dendrite only fit
0
1
2
3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
4
% Transients
all events
dendrite only
all transients fit
dendrite only fit
-0.5
0
0.5
1
All events
Dendrite only

-0.5
0
0.5
1
All^
event
s
Dendrit
e onl
y

0 5 10+
0
20
40
60
80
Number of dendrites
% Transients
Dendrite only
0 0.5 1
0
20
40
60
% Transients
Soma + dendrite
Proportion of dendrites
20
40
60
80
100
0
Soma

• d
  endrit
  e
  Dendrit
  e only

  ---

  
  

  5
  10
  15
  0
  Soma + dendrite
  Dendr
  ite only

  
  

  ---

  
  

  Number of dendrites
  0 0.5 1
  0
  10
  20
  30
  40
  Proportion of dendrites
  % Transients
  Dendrite only
  0 5 10+
  0
  5
  10
  15
  20
  25
  % Transients
  Soma + dendrite
  0.2
  0.4
  0.6
  0.8
  1
  0
  **
  Sponta
  neo
  us
  Ton
  e-l
  ock
  ed
  Dendrite only
  Transient amplitude
  Dendrite 5
  r = 0.58
  01 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
  0.2
  0.4
  0.6
  0.8
  1
  0
  Spon
  tan
  eo
  us
  Ton
  e-locked
  P = 0.07
  Transient integral
  0.2
  0.4
  0.6
  0.8
  1
  0
  SpontaneousTone-locked
  Soma + dendrite
  n.s
  Transient amplitude
  0.2
  0.4
  0.6
  0.8
  1
  0
  Spontaneo
  us
  Tone-lo
  cked
  n.s
  Transient integral
  Norm.
  F/F amplitude
  Transient amplitude
  (norm.
  F/F)
  (norm.
  F/F)
  (norm.
  F/F)
  (norm.
  F/F)
  (norm.
  F/F)
  Norm. F/F amplitude Transient amplitude (norm. F/F)
  r = 0.81
  Dendrite 3
  01 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
  Somatic transient amplitude (norm. F/F)
  Recorded at soma Recorded at dendrites
  01
  0
  1
  r = 0.96
  0.6
  0.8
  0.2
  0.4
  Dendritic transient amplitude (norm.0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
  F/F)
  Dendrite
  only
  Spontaneous
  During tone
  Soma

  
  


• dendrite
  0
  1
  2
  3
  4
  Transients per min
  **

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