The Economist April 16th 2022 Asia 33
L
ife on andaroundtheworld’stallest
mountain has been even harsher than
usual in the past few years. Avalanches in
2014 and 2015 killed dozens, closing
Mount Everest to adventurers. The pan
demic preempted the climbing season
in 2020. This year brings fresh bad news.
On April 9th Nepal’s tourism department
announced it had issued 204 climbing
permits—half of last year’s record figure
of 408. Nearly 30% of mountaineers
attempting Everest’s summit come from
Ukraine, Russia and nearby European
countries such as Poland. Most of them
have cancelled their plans.
“A lot of Sherpa guides and porters
have lost out on their income,” says Dawa
Steven Sherpa of Asian Trekking, one of
the oldest expedition organisers in Ne
pal. Mountaineers aiming for the top
typically spend $60,000100,000. They
often bring friends who hang around at
base camp, spending another $1,500 a
head. Most years some 50,000 breathless
(literally) tourists visit base camp. This
year even those will be fewer in number.
That may be good for the mountain.
In recent years Everest has carried more
people than it can handle. In 2019 a re
cord 354 climbers queued to reach the
summit on a single day. The place got so
filthy that authorities cleared 11 tonnes of
rubbish from its slopes that year.
But the dearth of climbers is bad for
those who make their living from Everest
and other tall mountains. Nepal is home
to eight of the world’s 14 peaks above
8,000 metres. Its 30m people rely heavily
on tourism, which provides 8% of gdp
and more than 1m jobs and is the second
biggest source of foreign exchange after
remittances. “We may have to dig into
our savings to survive,” says Mingma
Sherpa, the youngest person to have
scaledall 14 peaks,whorunsSeven Sum
mit Treks, a local company.
After the setbacks of the past few
years mountain workers have learned to
survive. They do odd jobs. Many are
subsistence farmers, growing potatoes,
carrots and radishes. Their wives run
lodges in the lowlying Khumbu region.
Sherpas also find it easy to borrow mon
ey as they are seen as a safe bet: in a good
year they earn around $6,000 and some
times as much as $12,000—Himalayan
amounts compared to the average Ne
pali’s annual income of $1,070. Wealthy
foreign climbers, too, chip in during
hard times, says Mr Dawa Sherpa.
Little wonder that Nepal has resisted
efforts to drag Everest into the war. Last
month the Ukrainian embassy in Delhi,
India’s capital, sent a diplomatic note to
the Nepalese authorities asking for a ban
on the handful of Russian climbers
coming this year. They politely declined.
Ukraine,Russiaandmountaineering
No Everest for the wicked
The fallout from the war reaches the peaks of Himalayas
Adifferent kind of summitry
emerging markets, may be particularly re
luctant to set a precedent by starting to ac
cept haircuts. It has yet to respond official
ly to a request for restructuring which Sri
Lanka made back in January.
A bailout from the imfwill also require
unpleasant economic reforms. Ali Sabry,
who formally started as finance minister
on April 8th after being appointed a few
days earlier and immediately attempting
to resign, said over the weekend that the
government would raise taxes and fuel
prices, reduce spending and begin to re
structure unwieldy stateowned enterpris
es over the coming months.
These measures arealsolikelytoform
part of the imf’s stipulations.Designedto
return the country to asustainablefiscal
state in the long term,theywillprobably
make life even more painfulforordinary
Sri Lankans in the shortterm.Thegovern
ment, which has lackedaparliamentary
majority since its coalitionpartnersaban
doned it on April 5th, continuestobethe
subject of angry public protests. Itmay
have a hard time convincingcreditorsthat
it has the popular supporttoseethrough
unpopular reforms. SriLankamayatlast
be heading in the rightdirection,butitre
mains deep in the woods. n
Myanmar’srefugeecrisis
Sold down the
river
I
f you donot leave by tomorrow morn
ing, we will burn your encampment to
the ground, the Thai soldiers told Htun
May (not her real name) and other Burmese
refugees in the makeshift camp on the bor
der with Myanmar. There was not much to
feed the flames: tarpaulin tents, some
clothes, disposable lunch boxes and what
ever meagre possessions the refugees
could grab before fleeing their country.
About 100 of them had been camped on
this stretch of the Moei river, which marks
the border with Thailand, since December.
Life there was precarious, but it was a lot
better than being mowed down by soldiers
at home. And even though they were on the
Thai side of the river, local authorities had
turned a blind eye.
Their luck ran out in late March. The
Thai army began ordering them back to
Myanmar, according to two refugees inter
viewed by The Economist. For four days sol
diers arrived at the river bank, threatening
to destroy the camps, even though fighting
between the Burmese army and a local re
bel group had recently resumed.
The refugees are in an impossible posi
tion. Returning to Myanmar is not an op
tion. The fighting is so close to the camp
that Ms Htun May can hear the artillery
fire. Yet the Thai authorities, she says, are
preventing them from seeking safety in
Thailand, even halting the delivery of food,
water and medicine from aid organisa
tions. Since March 25th she has remained
on the Burmese side of the river. “Everyone
is sad and scared,” she says.
The Thais are used to dealing with refu
gees from their troubled neighbour. For
generations of Karens, an ethnic minority
group from eastern Myanmar, Thailand
has been a haven from the fighting that has
raged between the Tatmadaw, as the Bur
mese army is known, and local rebels. Ma
ny were temporary visitors, stealing into
Thailand when clashes flared during the
dry season and returning to their villages
when the rains came and the shooting sub
sided. But in the 1990s the Tatmadaw en
croached ever further into rebelheld terri
tory, pushing many minorities right up to
the border—or over it. Camps in Thailand
have cumulatively housed some 250,000
Burmese refugees since they opened in
- Many more make it to the cities,
where shortstaffed employers will over
look their lack of papers.
The Thai government has long regarded
MAE SOT
Thai soldiers are forcing Burmese
refugees to return to Myanmar