to an energy level of about 1.430 eV. From this slightly lower excited state a
common transition is to an energy level of 0.264 eV. Show that the wave-
length of the emitted photon for this particular transition is 1064 nm.
4 :14 Thulium optical fiber lasers are of growing interest to various medical
applications, such as laser surgery and photo dermatology. (a) Using
resources from the Web, list some characteristics of these lasers, such as
emission wavelengths, optical power output, modulation capabilities, and
beam characteristics. (b) In a few sentences, describe two medical applica-
tions of thuliumfiber lasers.
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4.7 Problems 117