with a 70-nm spectral bandwidth. Show that the axial resolution for each of
these sources is 11.3 and 10.6μm, respectively.
10 :6 Consider an OCT system in which the objective lens has a numerical
aperture NA = 0.22. (a) Show that the lateral resolution at a wavelength of
850 nm is 1.43μm. (b) Show that the axialfield of view for this setup is
39.2μm.
10 :7 Consider an SS-OCT system for which M = 190, λ= 1310 nm, and
Δλ= 85 nm. (a) Show that the scan depth range is 0.96 mm. (b) Show that
the axial resolution is 8.9μm when using a Gaussian source.
10 :8 (a) Using Web resources or vendor data sheets, describe the detailed
structure of a typical laparoscope. Include characteristics such as probe
material, the diameter and length of the probe, optical components at the
inserted end, and eyepiece structure. (b) What are some applications of a
laparoscope?
10 :9 (a) Using Web resources or vendor data sheets, describe the detailed
structure of a typical commercially available arthroscope. Include charac-
teristics such as the diameter and length of the probe, optical components at
the inserted end, and eyepiece structure. (b) What are some applications of
an arthroscope?
10 :10 Fig.10.10shows the use of miniaturized instruments used for minimally
invasive surgery. Describe some instruments for this use, such as a bone
shaver, ligament repair tool, scissors, and grasping tools.
10 :11 Optically guided surgical tools are being developed to address the chal-
lenges of precise control during microsurgery. Using Web resources,
describe the characteristics of an optically guided forceps tool. [For
example, see: C. Song, D. Y. Park, P. L. Gehlbach, S. J. Park, and
J. U. Kang,“Fiber-optic OCT sensor guided“SMART”micro-forceps for
microsurgery,”Biomed. Opt. Express, vol. 4, issue 7, pp. 1045–1050, July
2013.]
10 :12 Consider a laser speckle imaging systems operating at 532 nm. (a) Suppose
the exposure time of the camera is T = 10 ms. If the speckle coefficient
β= 0.5, show that if the speckle correlation time isτc= 200μs then the
speckle contrast factor K = 0.14. (b) Show that ifτc= 10 ms then the value
of K is 0.28.
10 :13 Consider a speckle imaging system operating at 650 nm in which the
magnification of the optics is M = 10. Suppose the camera has f/# = 2.8.
Show that the minimum speckle size that can be resolved by the camera is
24.4μm.
10 :14 Suppose that in a PAT procedure the heated region in a sample of soft tissue
has a dimension d = 15μm. Show that the thermal relaxation time and the
stress relaxation time are 17× 10 −^4 s and 0.01μs, respectively.
10 :15 Consider a PAT procedure that uses short laser pulses with afluence of
10 mJ/cm^2 to irradiate a soft tissue for which the absorption coefficient is
μa= 0.1 cm−^1. Show that the temperature rise and pressure rise for this
setup are 0.25 mK and 200 Pa, respectively.
318 10 Optical Imaging Procedures