206 A F R I c A
trace of superior petrous sinus visible. On both sides,
subarcuate fossa is closed off. On the R is sub-subarcu-
ate fossa. Superior surfaces of petrosals broad, essentially
flat. As reconstructed, clivus of basiocciput is very verti-
cal and aligned with what is left of a thin dorsum sellae.
As reconstructed, lesser wings of sphenoid would have
projected considerably posteriorly, to overhang small,
deep dorsum sellae. As reconstructed, frontal lobes
would have extended somewhat over orbital cones,
between which cribriform region would have been
sunken. Supraorbital fragment on the L suggests that
frontal sinus extended somewhat laterally, but posteri-
orly not beyond posttoral plane.
I roots preserved; seem to have been quite for-
wardly inclined. I1 roots bigger and broader than
markedly compressed I2 roots. Also preserved are LC
alveolus, broken crowns of LPl and RM1 and 2, and
crowns of LM1 and both L and RM3. As judged
from the L, C root was very stout. All crowns but M3
considerably worn. LP1 extensively reconstructed;
appears to have had an angular parastylar region and
a rounded lingual surface. LP2 slightly longer m/d
lingually than buccally; is roundedly square in out-
line. Paracone and protocone lie opposite each other
and slightly mesial to midline, with small anterior
and slightly larger posterior fovea. Some development
of parastylar and metastylar regions. Paracone and
metacone were probably originally subequal in size
and height. Mls subsquare, somewhat rounded, and
distended d/l by thick postcingulum. Trigon basins
were probably very constricted, with cusps peripher-
ally placed. Talon basin was of moderate size. Broken
LM2 probably had constricted trigon basin. M3s
odd, look stuck on, although they make a pair; also
lighter in color than other teeth. M3s very cuspu-
lated, with peripherally placed cusps, thick, distinct
protostylar pit, and beaded postcingulum that slightly
swells intact LM3 d/l as it flows into the quite well-
developed hypocone. M3s thus longer m/d lingually
than buccally.
OH 39 Morph (includes OH 57)
OH 39. Many isolated upper teeth. RI tall crowned,
spatulate, and lingually shallowly concave. R and LCs
with small mesial and slightly larger distal buccal pillars,
and larger mesial and distal margocristids with small
mesial and larger distal depressions. R and LPls and
P2s small crowned, slightly cuspulated, with centrally
placed paracones and protocones, bulbous sides. Cuspsmesially shifted (distal moiety thus quite large); slight
parastylar and metastylar corners. Half a dozen teeth
too damaged for description. R and LM3s slightly
cuspulated, tapering distally. Somewhat internally
placed cusps with bulbous sides, deep anterior foveae,
short talonid basins.
OH 57. LP'. Cusps compressed; centrally placed
paracone; low, internally placed protocone.OH 45 Morph (includes OH 55)
OH 45. Upper LM1 or M2. Distinct protostylar pit
and anterior fovea. Large talon basin, cusps some-
what peripheral, some cuspulation, large d/l hypocone.
Long dd.
OH 55. Upper LM1 or 2. Weathered.OH 62 Morph
OH 62. Highly fragmentary skeleton, with partial
palate, largely uninformative cranial fragments, tiny
mandibular fragments, and some partial postcranial
bones. Also many isolated tooth fragments, including
crowns and roots of Cs. Some teeth remounted into
maxilla, especially tooth in position of RC1, may be
from another individual or from lower dentition of
same individual. Boxes not reliably labeled.Palate. Fragmented, highly weathered, reconstructed.
Preserves part of lower nasal aperture and cavity, anterior
nasal clivus, anterior root of L zygomatic arch, and alveoli
or broken roots of RI1-FWl2 and LIl-M2, as well as
broken crown of LM3.
As seen on the R, anterior root of zygomatic
arch takes origin not too far above alveolar margin,
level with Ml; its inferior margin flares somewhat
laterally. Tiny preserved part of inferior surface of
anterior root oriented forward; internally, anterior
root is fully invaded by maxillary sinus. Nasal aper-
ture was broad laterally, and may have originally
been quite tall s/i.
Floor of nasal cavity posterior to openings of
incisive canals smooth but bilaterally slightly concave
longitudinally. Incisive canals take origin within nasal
cavity at level of anterior root of zygomatic arch, and
run strongly forward to emerge on palate in a single
large aperture (incisive foramen) at level of P1. Roofs
of incisive canals continue onward along midline of
palate as two separated grooves, terminating just
behind roots of 11s.