238 AFRICA
Glabellar region quite broad and moderately
swollen anteriorly; was not very tall s/i, as shown by
high position of preserved nasofrontal suture. Pre-
served on the L is a portion of superomedial part of
orbital roo6 a much smaller piece is also preserved on
the R. On both sides (better preserved on the L), a
short groove proceeds medially and superiorly from
the broad, shallow notch in superomedial margin of
orbit. As seen best on L, cross-section of superior or-
bital margin lateral to notch indicates margin did not
become taller s/i laterally. Indeed, as seen from R frag-
ment, margin thinned laterally beyond midorbit,
before thickening again toward zygomaticofrontal su-
ture. Orienting suture downward, and thick temporal
ridge behind it vertically, it seems that the superior or-
bital margin was slightly curved upward (not square
across). Also, there is an indication of a slight post-
toral sulcus medially, but it did not continue laterally.
Frontal sinuses were very restricted, evidently not ex-
tending laterally past supraorbital notch. Viewed from
above, medial portions of supraorbital tori appear to
be set back from the broad, smoothly curved glabella;
tori were apparently oriented straight sideways. R
fragment indicates some degree of postorbital con-
striction; as temporal ridge comes off behind zygo-
matic process, it becomes more crest-like and runs
backward at an upward angle. Brow would have not
projected very much anteriorly (and not at all superi-
orly). Orbital roof quite deeply concave; flows into su-
perior margin in acute and rounded upward curve.
Juxtaposing fragments of R side, it appears that orbit
was quite rounded, not very tall. External surface of
body of zygoma appears to have faced anterolaterally;
when seen from above, it had a slight anterior curve to
it. Posterior surface of zygoma was not deeply exca-
vated; would have been oriented vertically. Anterior
temporal fossa was thus not greatly expanded. Inter-
nally, maxillary sinus extended laterally almost as far
as lateral border of orbit. Zygomaticofacial foramen
small; probably lay below level of inferior margin of
orbit. Masseteric margin of zygoma broken, but bone
thins toward it, suggesting a gracile zygomatic arch.
R fragment of upper jaw does not conform to
configuration of infraorbital region suggested by R
zygoma. Seems nonhominid.
There is a cranial fragment with a depression from
an uncertain location, if it is from this individual at all.
If, as possible, it is part of the frontal, it articulates with
an oblique break on central frontal fragment; but this
arrangement would displace orbital region down too far.
Parietals broad, and relatively short a/p; as seen
particularly well on R, there is a fairly tall s/i but faint
temporal muscle band, fairly high up. Pair of large
parietal foramina lies a few centimeters up from
lambda. Parietomastoid suture was apparently quite
short. Preserved R mastoid region damaged, especially
in supramastoid areas; appears there had not been
much (if any) supramastoid swelling. Mastoid process
itself is quite long a/p at its base; in profile its sides
converge strongly to a rounded, moderately narrow tip
that extends inferiorly far below the preserved skull
base adjacent to it. Inner side of process essentially flat,
oriented obliquely lateromedially from back to front.
At its base lies an anteriorly narrow, posteriorly slightly
broadening, mastoid notch that terminates just at pos-
terior edge of the process, where it is bounded by a
low, distinct crest. No indication of digastric fossa.
Medium-sized mastoid foramen lies just above poste-
rior margin of mastoid notch. A reasonably thick and
prominent, laterally rounded occipitomastoid crest lies
along suture, creating the mastoid notch together with
flat, vertical medial wall of process. In cross-section,
notch fairly deep and wedge shaped.
On both sides medial to occipitomastoid crest,
but running more directly backward, is a low, moder-
ately thick, moderately long Waldeyer’s crest. Between
these two crests lies a narrow, shallow, moderately
long depression. Waldeyer’s crests run back into two
broad, prominent swellings of bone bilaterally (reflect-
ing posteriorly pointing cerebellar depressions inter-
nally). Regions medial and anterior to these swellings
are somewhat muscle scarred. Central depression be-
tween swellings apparently accommodated a weak
external occipital crest (at least close to foramen mag-
num); it is bounded superiorly by a transverse and
even deeper excavation that widens out laterally above
cerebellar mounds. Transverse depression more crisply
delineated superiorly by superior nuchal line.
Lambdoid suture rises quite steeply at asterion to
peak broadly at lambda. Occipital plane itself is quite
tall and equilaterally triangular. It is much taller than the
relatively short nuchal plane is long. Superior nuchal
line quite thin and low laterally; it thickens quickly, es-
pecially on R, into a ledge-like downward extension that
runs across cranium. Bone above superior nuchal line,
especially in more thickened midregion, is much more
noticeably porotic even than rest of cranial bone (which
is noticeably hyperostotic). Posterior rim of foramen
magnum preserved fairly intact; has moderate curve.
Postcondylar fossae had been deep, especially on L.