SALDANIIA (ELANDSFONTEIN, HOPEFIELD) 249
Brows (especially as seen on the R) substantial,
perhaps glabellar region as well. Brows very tall s/i
(especially at middle of orbits, as better seen on the
R). Shallowly concave orbital roofs probably flowed
smoothly in tight curve out onto supraorbital surfaces.
Supraorbital tori do not roll smoothly up and back;
their forward and slightly downward-facing surfaces
curve sharply back onto the short, upwardly curving
posttoral plane behind. Toward the lateral extremity of
the brow (as preserved on the R), the supraorbital sur-
face twists distinctly upward and laterally. Viewed
from front, tori arc strongly down toward glabellar re-
gion from either side. Multiple-chambered frontal si-
nuses on both sides (better seen on the L); these did
not extend beyond midline of orbit, but did penetrate
posttoral plane behind. At least superiorly, interorbital
space appears to have been quite wide. As seen on the
R, temporal line emerges quite far laterally along
posttoral region; on both sides, line runs backward
low on skull. Region just behind postglabellar plane
appears to have been slightly domed; more posteriorly,
frontal rises in low curve that is almost continuous to
above parietomastoid region, where it curves more
strongly downward to lambda. Along juncture of
occipital and nuchal planes, occipital bone bulges in a
distinct horizontal torus with small sulcus above and
undercutting below (laterally at least). Distension
restricted to central part of bone; fades out at sides.
Occipital plane wider than tall, with relatively
straight, unsegmented, modestly interdigitated lamb-
doid sutures rising quite steeply to peak at lambda.
Judging from parietal (especially on the R), pari-
etomastoid suture was thick m/l and probably not
very long. Also appears (from the R) that squamosal
suture may have been shallowly curved for most of its
length, but more steeply anteriorly.
Internally, frontal crest was long and probably low.
Impression of the R occipital lobe smaller but deeper
than the L. R transverse sinus lies low; seems to have
crossed directly on to temporal bone, bypassing pari-
etal. L transverse sinus probably came off level with R
transverse sinus. Cerebellar lobe impressions wide and
shallow, pointing down and back. Frontal lobes came
relatively far over orbital cones, and remain well
separated from anterior orbital margins. As seen on
the R, tops of orbital cones slope only gently toward
region of cribriform plate (which was probably not
deeply recessed). Middle meningeal impressions on
both sides wide and deep, and few in number.REFERENCESCooke, H. B. S. 1963. Pleistocene mammal faunas of
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Drennan, M. 1953. A preliminary note on the Saldanha
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Drennan, M. 1955. The special features and status of the
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Drennan, M. and R. Singer, 1955. A mandibular fragment,
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Holloway, R. 2000. Brain. In: E. Delson et al. (eds), Ency-
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Klein, R. 1973. Geological antiquity of Rhodesian Man.
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Singer, R. 1954. The Saldanha skull from Hopefield, South
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The South African Museum (Iziko Museums of Cape
Town), Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.