BORDER CAVE 35
bounded anteriorly by a small, peaked lingula. Alveoli
suggest teeth were small in general. I roots were quite
narrow, and C roots not very large. Both Ps single
rooted. RM3 had truncated distal root.
Border Cave 5 Mandible
R half of small adult mandible preserved on L inferi-
orly to P region, missing superior part of ramus. RM2
and 3 and root of RP1 present. Very worn, essentially
unidentifiable tooth glued in position of R12, plus an
isolated tooth that could be a LC1 or R I1.
Small, lightly built, not tall s/i or wide b/l. Swell-
ing low down across front of symphysis is smoothly
continuous with bone around it. No detectable central
keel. On R, large mental foramen lies below region of
P2. Gonial angle presents tight curve. Gonial region
bears low, discrete muscle markings peripherally, inside
and out. Postincisal plane vertical; about halfway
down, bone thickens b/l, and in midline bears moder-
ate but well-marked genial depression with two
small, spike-like tubercles on either side and raised scar
below. On R, raised mylohyoid line with long sub-
mandibular depression below. Internal alveolar crest
curves up strongly and arcs up toward region of coro-
noid process. Large, compressed mandibular foramen
points up and back, bordered inferiorly by obliquely
slanted, ledge-like lingula. Long, oblique mylohyoid
groove lies below lingula.
Two preserved molars are very small. Preserved
alveoli suggest same for rest of dentition. M2 and 3 very
worn. M3 smaller and bears large swelling in metastylid
region. M2 probably had centrally placed hypoconulid.
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Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University
of the Witwatersrand Medical School, York Road, Park-
town, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.