S AM u UN GM A c AN ( S A hi ii u N G MA CAN ; x I, s o P o L o Y o ) 475
midline, shallow depressions lie on either side of a
slight sagittal rise. Small erosive lesion in L parietal;
small, low exostoses scattered on frontal above R torus.
Squamosals were apparently long, low, and only
minimally (if at all) arced. Temporal fossa was appar-
ently long but not very wide m/l, and flowed smoothly
down. No corner along anterior squamosal suture.
Apparently no delineation of infratemporal fossa. As
seen on the L, articular fossa very deep but only mod-
erately wide m/l and long alp. Anterior and posterior
walls of fossa form deep V shape as seen from side.
Fossa not fully closed off medially; anteriorly, flows
onto very low articular eminence. As seen on both
sides, relatively large foramen spinosum lies fully in
sphenoid.
Distinct suprameatal crest broadens posteriorly
into upwardly sweeping supramastoid crest. Posterior
root of zygomatic arch appears to have originated in
front of auditory meatus; probably did not expand into
much of a lateral shelf. As seen on the L, tubular ecto-
tympanic thick walled; did not extend fully laterally.
Auditory meatus was small, ovoid. Mastoid processes
broken at tips; are thickly triangular in cross-section at
bases, and apparently tapered strongly to tips. Flat an-
terior surfaces, and flat but broader posterolateral
surfaces, form a blunt vertical corner to each process.
As seen on the L, large styloid pit lies directly in line
with mastoid notch. Mastoid notch very deep, moder-
ately long, but not very wide; runs between flat medial
face of mastoid process and medial crests. L crest pre-
sents itself as a paramastoid crest that lies just lateral to
the occipitomastoid suture. R crest is massive; overlies
occipitomastoid suture. No digastric fossae discernible.
Just medial to (but well behind) these crests lie broad,
well-marked Waldeyer’s crests on both sides. On the
R, a small portion of posterior margin of foramen
magnum is preserved. Foramen would have lain well
behind articular fossae; at least in its posterior part, it
seems to have been oriented somewhat backward. No
anterior lambdoid suture. As seen on the L, pari-
etomastoid suture long, somewhat upwardly directed.
L parietal notch more acute than R, parietal fits into
each rather vertically.
Occipital extremely wide; occipital plane not very
high s/i. Lambdoid suture arcs continuously from side
to side across lambda. Occipital plane is delimited
from larger nuchal plane by thickened superior nuchal
line; line bow-shaped both when viewed from above
and from behind. Blunt midsection of bow projects
somewhat. Lateral extremities of bow fade just above
long, thick, a/p oriented Waldeyer’s crests, which lie
just medial to and parallel with occipitomastoid suture.
Nuchal plane bears a low, blunt external occipital crest.
Close to region of external occipital protuberance, crest
is delimited bilaterally by shallow depressions. Similar
depressions also occur just behind region of missing
foramen magnum.
Coronal suture long, finely and shallowly denticu-
late through most of its length, becoming smoother
closer to bregma. Shallow interdigitations of sagittal
suture more uniform. Interdigitations of unsegmented
lambdoid suture were slightly longer and thicker.
Small Wormian bone lies just to the R of lambda.
Internally, frontal crest long, sharp, and stout.
Frontal lobes did not extend fully forward over orbital
cones. Anterior branches of middle meningeal artery
extend far forward, almost to frontal crest and just
above orbital roofs. Stout middle branch lies anteriorly
on parietal; is only minimally arborized. Sagittal sinus
is visible as a relatively deep sulcus in region of pari-
etals. Internal occipital protuberance broad and low;
lies low down and forward on occipital. Poorly defined
transverse sinuses emanate laterally from protuberance
at same level. On both sides, only single sigmoid sinus.
R occipital lobe was larger than L; same for down-
wardly oriented cerebellar lobes. Petrosals damaged,
especially externally. Superior surface flat but tilted
forward rather than lying horizontally. No superior
petrous sinus. Inner “angle” of petrosal faces up. No
palpable subarcuate fossa or sub-subarcuate fossa.REFERENCES
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