HUMAN BIOLOGY

This chapter explains how digestion breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in food (2.9–2.11). Nutrient molecules enter ...

196 Chapter 11 n The digestive system is basically a tube with two openings—the mouth, where food enters, and the anus, where so ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 197 What does the digestive system do? The digestive system breaks down food by mechanical and chemical ...

198 Chapter 11 bolus Ball of chewed and swallowed food. palate Roof of the mouth. salivary amylase Enzyme in saliva that begins ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 199 What roles do cheWing and sWalloWing play in food digestion? Chewing and swallowing are the first s ...

200 Chapter 11 chyme The pasty stomach contents formed from the mixing of food with gastric juice. gastric juice The fluid forme ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 201 brush border The collective array of microvilli on epithe- lial cells lining the intestinal mucosa. ...

202 Chapter 11 accessory organs: the pancreas, Liver, and gallbladder n The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder assist digestion ...

Digestion anD nutrition 203 What are the accessory organs of digestion, and What do they do? Accessory organs of digestion are ...

204 Chapter 11 + fat globules (triglycerides) emulsified fat droplets free fatty acids + monoglycerides + bile salts + monoglyce ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 205 + fat globules (triglycerides) emulsified fat droplets free fatty acids + monoglycerides + bile salt ...

206 Chapter 11 anal canal Short passage through which feces move from the rectum to the anus. anus Terminal opening of the GI tr ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 207 hoW does the body regulate food digestion? Signals from nerves and hormones control activity in the ...

208 Chapter 11 Digestive system Disorders “Heartburn” is an upper gi tract disorder The main symptom of gastroesophageal reflux ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 209 Cancer of the colon or rectum—or colorectal cancer— is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers ...

210 Chapter 11 11.10 infections in the Digestive system Because it opens at both ends to the outside world, the GI tract is a co ...

Digestion anD nutrition 211 The Digestive System Body cells require nutrients for energy and for the processes that build new ce ...

212 Chapter 11 the Body’s nutritional requirements n Diet has a major effect on body functions because it supplies major nutrien ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 213 essential amino acid Amino acid that cannot be made in the body and so must be obtained from the die ...

214 Chapter 11 Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals n Vitamins and minerals are essential for normal body functioning. Vitamin ...