HUMAN BIOLOGY

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 215 What are vitamins and minerals? Vitamins and minerals are substances that have specific metabolic f ...

216 Chapter 11 Food energy and Body Weight n Attitudes about body weight often are cultural, but excess weight also raises impor ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 217 hoW can you maintain a healthy body Weight? To maintain an acceptable body weight, caloric intake m ...

218 Chapter 11 Dealing with Weight extremes Decades of scientific studies support a link between having a healthy weight and ove ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 219 FOCUS ON HUmAN impACT Hunger for Change according to the U.s. environmental protection agency, each ...

ExplorEon Your own SummarY Section 11.1 The digestive system breaks food down into molecules that are small enough to be absorbe ...

DiGestioN aND NUtritioN 221 reVieW Questions What are the main functions of the stomach? What roles do enzymes and hormones pla ...

222 Chapter 11 Not everyone who inherits a predisposition for a given disease will actually develop it. Researchers in the emerg ...

Studying the urinary system will tap your knowledge of pH and buffer systems (2.7) and of osmosis and transport mechanisms (3.10 ...

224 Chapter 12 the Challenge: ever-Changing extracellular Fluid The fluid inside cells is intracellular f luid. A variety of gas ...

the UrInary SyStem 225 What is the main function of the kidneys? The kidneys adjust the volume and chemical composition of the ...

226 Chapter 12 glomerulus Cluster of blood capillaries in a neph- ron, where substances move from the blood into the nephron. ki ...

the UrInary SyStem 227 (glow-mare-you-luss; plural: glom- eruli). The cuplike wall region, called the Bowman’s (glomer ular) cap ...

228 Chapter 12 How urine Forms: Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion plasma into Bowman’s capsule. Blood cells, platelets, pr ...

the UrInary SyStem 229 filtration In nephrons, blood pressure forces water and small solutes in blood plasma out of glomerular c ...

230 Chapter 12 aDH Antidiuretic hormone; it stimulates nephrons to reabsorb water. aldosterone A hormone that concentrates urine ...

the UrInary SyStem 231 hoW do the kidneys help manage the body’s fluid balance? To maintain the volume of extracellular fluid, ...

232 Chapter 12 acid–base balance The relative amounts of acidic and basic substances in extracellular fluid, including the blood ...

the UrInary SyStem 233 accumulate in the bloodstream. Patients can suffer nausea, fatigue, and memory loss. In advanced cases, d ...

234 Chapter 12 As this chapter’s introduction noted, urinalysis provides a chemical snapshot of many physiological processes in ...