HUMAN BIOLOGY

the UrInary SyStem 235 the urinary system The kidneys adjust the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid, including bloo ...

expLoreon your oWn The rider and horse shown at the right are living examples of the mammalian body’s ability to cool itself by ...

the UrInary SyStem 237 summary section 12.1 Extracellular fluid (ECF) contains various types and amounts of substances dissolved ...

238 Chapter 12 On average, the wait time for a kidney transplant can vary from a few months to several years, during which time ...

This chapter expands on Chapter 4’s introduction to neurons and other cells that make up the body’s nervous tissue (4.4). Neuron ...

240 Chapter 13 neurons: the Communication specialists Figure 13.2 shows where different events occur in a motor neuron. The dend ...

the nerVOus system 241 What kinds of cells carry nervous system signals? Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons all c ...

242 Chapter 13 nerve impulses = action potentials n A nerve impulse fires when a signal causes a neuron’s resting membrane poten ...

the nerVOus system 243 hoW does an action potential, or nerve impulse, take place? An action potential, or nerve impulse, occur ...

244 Chapter 13 how neurons Communicate Action potentials can stimulate neurons to release the chemical signals called neurotrans ...

the nerVOus system 245 What is a neurotransmitter? Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals between the cells at a ch ...

246 Chapter 13 information pathways The stretch reflex contracts a muscle after gravity or some other load has stretched the mus ...

the nerVOus system 247 What do nerves do? Nerves, which contain neuron axons, carry signals between the brain and spinal cord w ...

248 Chapter 13 central nervous system The brain and spinal cord. ganglia Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervou ...

the nerVOus system 249 What are the major parts of the nervous system? The two divisions of the nervous system are the central ...

250 Chapter 13 autonomic nerves Nerves that service internal organs. somatic nerves Nerves that carry signals related to head, t ...

the nerVOus system 251 gray matter Neuron cell bodies and dendrites, inter- neurons, and glia in the spinal cord. parasympatheti ...

252 Chapter 13 the brain: Command Central The forebrain is the most highly developed brain region. It includes the cerebrum, whe ...

the nerVOus system 253 What are the main functions of the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain? In the hindbrain and midbrain, va ...

254 Chapter 13 a Closer Look at the Cerebrum Each hemisphere also is divided into lobes that process different signals. The lobe ...