HUMAN BIOLOGY

15 A single carrot contains about one hundred different kinds of phytochemicals—substances that plants manufacture as part of th ...

16 Chapter 2 atom Smallest unit having the properties of a given element. element Pure substance that cannot be broken down to a ...

Chemistry of Life 17 What are elements and atoms? An element is a pure substance. Each kind consists of atoms having the same n ...

18 Chapter 2 chemical bond Link that forms between atoms when their electrons interact. molecule Structure that forms when chemi ...

Chemistry of Life 19 What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a link between the electron structures of atoms. Chemical bond ...

20 Chapter 2 biological molecule Mol- ecule that contains car- bon and forms in a living organism. covalent bond Bond in which t ...

Chemistry of Life 21 What are the main types of chemical bonds that occur in biological molecules? Biological molecules are for ...

22 Chapter 2 hydrophilic Chemically attracted to water. hydrophobic Chemically repelled by water. Water: necessary for Life n ...

Chemistry of Life 23 antioxidant Substance that gives up an electron to a free radical. free radical An unstable molecule that i ...

24 Chapter 2 acid Substance that donates protons (H^1 ) to other solutes or to water molecules when it dissolves in water. base ...

Chemistry of Life 25 buffer Chemical that sta- bilizes the pH of a solution by donating or accepting hydrogen ions (H^1 ). salt ...

26 Chapter 2 Molecules of Life n Biological molecules are compounds built on atoms of the element carbon. Biological molecule ...

Chemistry of Life 27 What are the main types of biological molecules? The main types of biological molecules are carbohydrates, ...

28 Chapter 2 carbohydrate A biological molecule built of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a 1:2:1 ratio. monosacch ...

Chemistry of Life 29 What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates range from simple sugars such as glucose to molecules composed of ma ...

30 Chapter 2 Lipids: fats and their Chemical relatives n Cells use lipids to store energy, as structural materials, and as si ...

Chemistry of Life 31 What are lipids? Lipids are hydrophobic greasy or oily compounds. The type called triglycerides are major ...

32 Chapter 2 valine (val) tryptophan (trp) methionine (met) Amino Group Carboxyl Group R Group (20 kinds, each with distinct pro ...

Chemistry of Life 33 What are proteins? Proteins are organic molecules built of one or more chains of amino acids. DNA determin ...

34 Chapter 2 glycoprotein Protein that has a sugar, such as an oli- gosaccharide, attached to it. lipoprotein Protein that has a ...