HUMAN BIOLOGY

Chemistry of Life 35 Disrupting a protein’s shape prevents it from functioning normally When a protein or any other large molecu ...

36 Chapter 2 What is a nucleic acid? A nucleic acid is a single or double-stranded molecule built of nucleotides. Nucleic acids ...

Chemistry of Life 37 FOCUS ON OUr ENvIrONMENT food production and a Chemical arms race if you eat like most people in developed ...

section 2.7 The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a fluid. Acids release hydrogen ions (H^1 ), and bases r ...

Chemistry of Life 39 reVieW QUestions Distinguish between an element, an atom, and a molecule. Explain the difference between a ...

40 Chapter 2 seLf-QUiz Answers in Appendix VI The backbone of organic compounds forms when atoms are covalently bonded. A carbo ...

The living cell is one of the first levels of organization in nature (1.3). This chapter explains how lipids are organized to fo ...

42 Chapter 3 cell theory Scientific theory stating that cells are the smallest units of life, all organisms consist of one or mo ...

Cells and how they work 43 What basic components do all living cells share? All living cells have an outer plasma membrane, cyt ...

44 Chapter 3 Why are organelles important in cells? Organelles isolate and physically organize chemical reactions in cells. Nea ...

Cells and how they work 45 how do we see Cells? Figure 3.6 different types of micro scopes reveal different kinds of details abo ...

46 Chapter 3 the plasma Membrane: a double Layer of Lipids n The plasma membrane encloses the cell and controls the movement of ...

Cells and how they work 47 selective permeability A property of the cell plasma membrane, in which the membrane allows only cer- ...

48 Chapter 3 nuclear envelope chromatin nucleolus nuclear pore nucleoplasm cytoplasm ER the nucleus n Like a master control c ...

Cells and how they work 49 What is the cell nucleus? The nucleus is the organelle that contains and protects a cell’s DNA. DNA ...

50 Chapter 3 budding vesicle smooth ER channel To cytoplasm ribosome A Rough ER B Smooth ER C Golgi body D A lysosome vesicle po ...

Cells and how they work 51 What do endomembrane system organelles do? Ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) build new c ...

52 Chapter 3 mitochondrion Organelle that produces ATP, the main cell fuel. Mitochondria: the Cell’s energy Factories n The e ...

Cells and how they work 53 What is the role of the cytoskeleton? The cytoskeleton gives a cell its shape, internal structure, a ...

54 Chapter 3 concentration gradient A difference in the number of molecules or ions of a sub- stance in two neighboring regions. ...