HUMAN BIOLOGY

tIssUes, orGans, and orGan systeMs 85

revieW Questions

1. List the general characteristics of epithelium, and then
   describe the basic types of epithelial tissues in terms of
   specific characteristics and functions.


2. List the major types of connective tissues; add the names
   and characteristics of their specific types.


3. Identify and describe the tissues shown below.

Tissue Function Characteristics

Table 4.4 Summary of Basic Tissue Types in the human Body

A

B

C

D
A: Ed Reschke/Peter Arnold; B: Ed Reschke; C: © Ed Reschke; D: © University of Cincinnati,
Raymond Walters College, Biology

4. List the types of cell junctions and their functions.


5. List the basic types of membranes in the body.


6. Define the terms tissue, organ, and organ system. List the
   body’s eleven major organ systems.
   7. What are some functions of skin?
   8. Define homeostasis.
   9. What is extracellular fluid, and how does the concept of
   homeostasis pertain to it?

seLF-Quiz Answers in Appendix VI

1. tissues have closely linked cells and one free
   surface.
   a. Muscle c. Connective
   b. Nerve d. Epithelial


2. Most has collagen and elastin fibers.
   a. muscle tissue c. connective tissue
   b. nervous tissue d. epithelial tissue


3. , a specialized connective tissue, is mostly
   plasma with cellular components and various dissolved
   substances.
   a. Irregular connective tissue c. Cartilage
   b. Blood d. Bone


4. tissue detects and integrates information about
   changes and controls responses to changes.
   a. Muscle c. Connective
   b. Nervous d. Epithelial


5. can shorten (contract).
   a. Muscle tissue c. Connective tissue
   b. Nervous tissue d. Epithelial tissue

Epithelium Covers body surface; lines

internal cavities and tubes

One free surface; opposite surface rests

on basement membrane supported by

connective tissue

Connective tissue Binds, supports, adds strength;

some provide protection or insulation

Cells surrounded by a matrix (ground substance)

containing structural proteins except in blood

Fibrous connective tissues

Loose Elasticity, diffusion Cells and fibers loosely arranged

Dense Support, elasticity Several forms. One has collagen fibers in various

orientations in the matrix; it occurs in skin and

as capsules around some organs. Another form

has collagen fibers in parallel bundles; it occurs in

ligaments, tendons

Elastic Elasticity Mainly elastin fibers; occurs in organs that must

stretch

Specialized connective tissues

Cartilage Support, flexibility, low-friction surface Matrix solid but pliable; no blood supply

Bone Support, protection, movement Matrix hardened by minerals

Adipose tissue Insulation, padding, energy storage Soft matrix around large, fat-filled cells

Blood Transport Liquid matrix (plasma) containing blood cells, many

other substances

Muscle tissue Movement of the body and its parts Made up of arrays of contractile cells

Nervous tissue Communication between body parts;

coordination, regulation of cell activity

Made up of neurons and support cells (neuroglia)

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