I-26 Index
endocrine role of, 291t
n synthetic, 293
n Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), 149t, 152, 169, 171, 172,
172f, 173, 337, 429
Human menopausal gonadotropin
(hMG), 318
n Human papillomavirus (HPV), 322,
322f, 322t
Humerus, 91f, 94, 94f
Hunger, vs. appetite, 217
n Huntington’s disease, 390, 391, 391f,
393, 401t, 407
Hussam, Abul, 63, 63f
Hyaline cartilage, 71
n Hybrid vehicles, 485
Hydration, spheres of, 23, 23f
Hydrocarbons, 26, 429, 430t, 476
Hydrochloric acid, 24–25, 200, 207,
207f, 207t
Hydrogen
in amino acids, 32, 32f
atomic structure, 18, 18f, 19
bonding of, 19, 19f
in carbohydrates, 28, 29f
in early atmosphere, 454
as element, 16, 16f
in lipids, 30, 30f
molecular, 20–21, 21f
in organic compounds, 26
and water cycle, 465
n Hydrogenated vegetable oil, 30
Hydrogen bonds, 21, 21f, 21t
between amino acids, 34–35, 34f
in DNA, 21, 21f, 21t, 404, 405f, 406
in nucleotides, 36, 36f
in water, 22, 22f, 183
n Hydrogen fuel cells, 485
Hydrogen ions
and acid taste sensation, 271
in ATP production, 60, 61, 61f, 62f
chemoreceptor response to, 186
functional groups using, 26, 26f
and pH, 24–25
and respiration, 185, 186
urinary system processing of, 228f,
229, 232, 232f
Hydrogen peroxide, 51
Hydrolysis reactions, 27, 27f, 27t
Hydrophilic molecules, 22, 31, 31f,
43, 43f
Hydrophobic molecules, 22, 30, 31, 31f,
43, 43f
n Hydropower, 485
n Hydrothermal vents, 454–455, 455f
Hydroxide ions, 24
Hydroxyl group, 26, 26f, 27, 27f, 28, 29f
n Hypercholesterolemia, familial,
393, 401t
Hyperextension, 97f
n Hyperopia (farsightedness), 280, 280f
n Hyperparathyroidism, 295
n Hyperplasia, 426
n Hypertension (high blood pressure),
129, 129t
n and cardiovascular disease,
134, 135t
n genetic vs. environmental risk
factors, 381
n health risks associated with, 129,
135, 233
n medications for, 396
n in metabolic syndrome, 216
n risk factors for, 129t, 140, 218, 293
n treatment of, 139
n Hyperthermia, 82
n Hyperthyroidism, 294
Hypertonic solutions, 55, 55f
n Hyperventilation, 181
Hypodermis, 78, 78f
n Hypoglycemia, 296, 299
n Hypotension (low blood pressure),
129, 129t
Hypothalamus
and blood–brain barrier, 253
body temperature regulation by,
82–83, 82f, 83t
in endocrine system, 287f, 290–291,
290f, 291f, 294f
and hormone regulation, 296, 297f
hormones secreted by, 290,
290f, 291f
in immune response, 161
in labor and delivery, 342
in lactation, 343, 343f
recreational drugs and, 260
reproductive role of, 308, 309, 309f,
313, 313f
and reproductive system, 307
structure and function of, 252, 252f,
255, 255f, 256, 268–269
n Hypothermia, 83
n Hypothesis, scientific, 6–7, 7f, 9
n Hypothyroidism, 294, 295
Hypotonic solutions, 55, 55f
n Hypoxia, 181
n Hysterectomy, 320–321
H zone, 108I
n IBS (irritable bowel syndrome),
208–209
n Ibuprofen, 114, 234
“Iceman” (Stone Age remains), 458
Identical twins, 332, 332f, 333, 382
Ig. See Immunoglobulins
IgA, 165, 165t
IgD, 165, 165t
IgE, 165, 165t, 170, 170f
IGFs (insulin-like growth
factors), 292t
IgG, 165, 165t, 170, 171, 345
IgM, 165, 165tIleum, 196f, 204, 206f
Iliac arteries, 122f
Iliac region of coxal bones, 95
Iliac veins, 122f
Illegal drugs. See Recreational drugs
Immune system. See also Adaptive
immunity; HIV; Immunity;
Innate immunity; White
blood cells
aging and, 349
blood type compatibility and, 141,
146–148, 146t, 147f
cardiovascular system interaction,
137, 157
digestive system interaction, 211
n disorders of, 98, 136, 170–172,
170f–172f, 171t, 209, 258, 349,
418, 419f
n drugs to suppress, in
transplantation, 167
endocrine system interaction, 301
fever role in, 83, 161
glucocorticoids and, 296
n and immunization, impact of,
168–169, 168f
immunological memory,
162–163, 162f
inflammation role in, 157, 161, 161f
lymphatic system interaction, 157,
158–159, 158f, 162, 163f, 164, 167
muscular system interaction, 117
nervous system interaction, 261
overview of, 156–157, 156t
recreational drugs and, 260
n research on, 169, 169f
respiratory system and, 191
n response to cancer, 166, 167f, 429
skeletal system and, 100
n smoking and, 188f
urinary system interaction, 235
Immunity. See also Immune system
active, 168
adaptive, 156–157, 156t, 162–167,
162f–167f, 172
antibody-mediated, 162, 163f,
164–165, 164f–165f
cell-mediated, 163, 163f, 166–167,
166f, 167f
definition of, 156
innate, 156–157, 156t, 160–161,
160f, 161f
passive, 168–169
n Immunization. See also Vaccines
n impact on immune system,
168–169, 168f
n recommended schedule for
children, 168t
n Immunodeficiency, 171. See also HIV
Immunoglobulins (Ig), 165, 165t, 170,
170f, 171
Immunological memory, 162–163, 162f
Immunological tolerance, 171Human growth hormone, continued
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