Index I-27n Immunology, 168–169, 168f,
168t, 169f
n Immunotherapy, 169
n Immunotoxins, 169
Implantation, 318, 332–333, 332f, 333f
n Inbreeding, 458
n Incinerators, 481
Incisors, 198, 198f
n Incontinentia pigmenti, 389, 389f
Incus (anvil), 272, 272f–273f
Independent assortment, 376–377,
377f, 386
n Indirect contact, disease spread
through, 173, 173f
n Industrial chemicals, and cancer,
429, 430, 430t
Industrial plants
n energy use, 484f
n and pollution, 476, 476f, 480, 481f
Industrial Revolution, and population
growth, 472, 472f
Inert substances, 19
Infant(s). See also Embryo(s);
Fetus(es); Neonates
(newborns)
birth of. See Birth
as development stage, 347, 347t
n heart defects in, 136
n hemolytic disease of, 148
n HIV transmission to, 172, 172f
lungs of, 342–343
mortality rates, 472, 473f
n premature, 37, 184, 340,
342–343, 345
n respiratory distress syndrome in,
184, 340
skull of, 96
n underweight, 345
n Infant respiratory distress syndrome,
184, 340
n Infection(s). See also Bacterial
infections; Infectious diseases;
Virus(es)
n asthma triggered by, 189
n barriers to, 79, 156, 160
n and cardiovascular disease,
135, 135t
n as cause of respiratory
disorders, 190
n ear, 275, 284
n eye, 280, 281f
n heart damage from, 136
n HIV patient vulnerability to,
172, 172f
immune system response to. See
Immune system
n nervous system disorders caused
by, 258
n nosocomial, 153, 173
n and prenatal development, 345
n skeletal, 99
n skin piercing and, 86
n staph, 153, 153f, 190
n streptococcal, 136, 136f,
173t, 190
n in urinary system, 233, 234
n vaginal, 160, 172, 323
n yeast, 160, 172
n Infectious diseases, 173, 173f, 173t.
See also specific diseases
defined, 173
n of digestive system, 210, 210f
n mononucleosis, 152
n patterns of, 173
n prevention of, 11, 11f
n threat of, 10–11, 10f
Inferior vena cava, 122f, 124f, 127, 127f,
203f, 226f, 341f
n Infertility
causes of, 307, 318, 318f, 320, 321,
328, 349
treatment of, 305, 318–319, 318f, 319f
Inflammation
n in acne, 79
n in allergic reactions, 170
n anti-inflammatory drugs, 170, 296
n and blood clots, susceptibility
to, 154
n and cardiovascular disease, 135,
135t, 136, 176
n in encephalitis, 258
n of eyes, 280, 281f
n glucocorticoids and, 296
n in gonorrhea, 321
as immune response, 157, 161,
161f, 165
n in meningitis, 258
n in metabolic syndrome, 217
n pain response and, 268
n in pinched nerve, 248
n in rheumatoid arthritis, 171
n in sensory organs, 280, 281f
n in skeletal disorders, 98
n in urinary system, 234
n Influenza, 165, 173t, 190. See also
Avian influenza
vaccinations for, 168, 168t
Information, evaluation of source and
content, 8, 8t
Inhalation. See Inspiration
n Inhalation of pathogens, 173, 173f
n Inhalers (for asthma), 189
Inhibin, 313, 313f
Inhibiting signals (nervous system), 244
Inhibitors, hormones as, 291
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
(IPSPs), 245
Initiation (as stage of translation),
412, 412f
Initiator tRNA, 412, 412f
n Injuries. See also Wounds
n athletes and, 87, 95, 98, 99,
114, 114f
n to eye, 281n to muscles, 114, 114f
n nervous system damage from,
252, 258
n pain as response to, 268–269
n to skeletal system, 98–99, 98f, 99f
Innate immunity, 156–157, 156t,
160–161, 160f, 161f
Inner cell mass, 332, 332f
Inner ear, 272, 272f–273f, 274, 275
Innervation, reciprocal, 106
Inorganic compound, 26
Input zone, of neuron, 240, 241, 241f,
242, 242f, 244, 245, 246
n Insecticides, 37, 192f, 430. See
also Pesticides
n Insemination, artificial, 318–319,
318f, 319f
Insertion (of skeletal muscle),
106, 107f
Inspiration
birth and, 342
nervous system control of, 186–187,
186f, 187f
in respiratory cycle, 182–183,
182f, 183f
Inspiratory reserve volume, 183, 183f
Insulin
n diabetes and, 171, 299, 299f, 304
n diet and, 212
and digestion, control of, 207,
207f, 207t
n metabolic syndrome and, 216
source and function of, 196f, 286,
287f, 289, 292t, 298, 298f
structure of, 33, 33f, 34, 288t
n synthetic, 420
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), 292t
n Insulin pump, 299, 299f
n Insulin shock, 299
Integrators, in feedback loops, 80–81,
80f, 81f
Integument, 78–79. See also Hair/hair
follicles; Skin
cardiovascular system
interaction, 137
digestive system interaction, 211
n disorders of, 79, 79f
integumentary system, overview
of, 77f
muscular system interaction, 117
nervous system interaction, 261
skeletal system interaction, 100
structure and function of, 78–79, 78f
Intellect
Alzheimer’s disease and, 258
brain centers of, 255
Intercalated discs, 128, 128f
Intercostal muscles, 178f, 182, 182f,
186f, 187f
Intercostal nerves, 186f
Intercourse. See Sexual intercourse
Interferons, 169, 420, 435Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).