I-30 Index
Loop of Henle, 227, 227f, 228f, 230, 230f
Loose connective tissue, 70, 70f–71f,
70t, 78, 78f, 85t
Lorises, 450f
n Low-carb diets, 213
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), 134,
177, 203, 213
LPL (lipoprotein lipase), 116
Lucy (fossil), 452, 452f
n Luft’s syndrome, 57
Lumbar nerves, 249f
Lumbar vertebrae, 93, 93f
Lumen, of digestive tube, 196, 197,
197f, 205f
n Lumpectomy, 324
Lung(s)
aging and, 348, 348t
n cancer of, 45f, 177, 188, 188f, 190,
190f, 419, 428, 430t, 431f
capacity, total, 183, 183f
n collapsed, 183
connective tissue in, 71
gas exchange in, 126, 126f, 144,
180–181, 180f, 181f, 184–185,
184f, 185f
of infants, 342
during prenatal development,
340–341, 341f
and pulmonary circuit, 126, 126f
n referred pain from, 269f
n respiratory disorders, 188–190,
188f, 189f, 190f
structure and function of, 178f,
179, 181f
n transplantation of, 385
n Lupus erythematosus, systemic, 157,
171, 171t
Luteal phase, 309f
Lutein, 215
Luteinizing hormone (LH), 287f, 288t,
290t, 291, 291f, 308–309, 309f,
313, 313f
Lutein zeaxanthin, 23
Lycopene, 23, 23f, 215
n Lyme disease, 10–11, 136, 136f
Lymph (fluid), 157, 158–159, 158f
Lymphatic ducts, 158f
Lymphatic system, 158–159, 158f
n and cancer, 426t, 427, 427f
cardiovascular system interaction
with, 123, 133, 137, 158,
159, 159f
digestive system interaction
with, 211
endocrine system interaction, 301
immune system interaction, 157,
158–159, 158f, 162, 163f, 164, 167
muscular system interaction, 117
nervous system interaction, 261
overview of, 77f
respiratory system interaction, 191
skeletal system interaction with, 100
structure and function of,
158–159, 158f
urinary system interaction, 235
Lymphatic tissues, 159
Lymph capillaries, 159, 159f
Lymph nodes, 158f, 159, 162, 164, 172,
320, 324, 325
Lympho- (prefix), 431f
Lymphocytes, 142f, 143, 143f, 152,
157, 157f, 158f, 159. See also
B cell(s); Natural killer (NK)
cells; T cell(s)
n chemotherapy and, 434
in immune response, 162–163, 163f,
166, 167, 171
n SCID-X1 and, 418
specialization of, 162–163, 162f
in spleen, 159
Lymphoid organs, 158f, 159
Lymphoid stem cells, 142, 143f
Lymphoid tissue
in appendix, 206
n cancer of, 431, 431f
n Lymphomas, 431, 431f
Lymph vascular system, 159, 159f
Lymph vessels, 158f, 159, 159f
Lysine, 213, 213f, 410f
Lysosomal storage diseases, 51
Lysosomes, 44, 44f, 44t, 51
Lysozymes, 160, 163, 163fM
Macroevolution, 441
Macrophages, 134, 166
formation of, 143, 143f
n in immune disorders, 171, 172
in immune response, 157, 157f, 159,
159f, 160–161, 161f, 163
red blood cell cycle and, 145
in spleen, 145
structure and function of, 142f, 143
n Macular degeneration, 281, 281f
n Magnesium, in diet, 215t
n Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
265, 361, 432, 432f
functional (fMRI), 259, 259f
Maheshwari, Hiralal, 293f
Major Histocompatibility Complex
(MHC) markers, 162, 163, 163f,
166–167, 171
n Malabsorption disorders, 209
n Malaria, 152, 173t, 487
n Malignant melanoma, 79, 79f, 280,
419, 426, 426f
n Malignant tumors
characteristics of, 17, 17f, 324, 324f,
325, 325f, 426–427, 426f, 426t
formation of, 154, 209, 209f, 428–429,
428f, 429f
Malleus (hammer), 272, 272f–273f
Malthus, Thomas, 440
Maltose, 28Mammals
classification of, 3, 3f
dive reflex in, 83
evolution of, 449
Mammary glands, 286, 343, 343f
hormones acting on, 290f, 290t,
291, 291f
Mammograms, 324, 324f, 432t
Mandible, 92, 92f–93f, 101. See also Jaw
Manual dexterity, 3
n Marfan syndrome, 393, 393f, 401t
Marijuana, 260
n Marine resources, overharvesting of,
9, 486, 487f
Marrow cavity, 88
n Mass extinction, 448, 449, 449f, 486
Mass numbers of elements, 16
Mast cells, 157, 161, 161f, 165, 165f,
170, 170f
n Mastectomy, 324
Maternal care, evolution of, 451
Matrix
of bone, 88
of connective tissue, 70, 70f–71f, 71
Maxillary bones, 92, 92f–93f
Maxillary sinus, 92f–93f
MDMA (Ecstasy), 260
n Measles, 136, 168, 168t, 173t
Meat
n dietary recommendations,
213, 213f
n grilled, carcinogens in, 429
Mechanical processing (digestion), 197
Mechanoreceptors, 266, 267, 268, 269f,
272–273, 343
n Medical imaging, 347, 429, 432,
432f. See also MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging);
PET (Positron Emission
Tomography) scan; Ultrasound
n Mediterranean diet, 213
Medulla, adrenal, 287f, 292t,
296–297, 297f
Medulla, renal, 226, 226f, 228f,
230, 230f
Medulla oblongata, 186–187, 186f, 187f,
252, 252f, 256f
Megakaryocytes, 143
Meiosis, 362–367, 363f–369f
cell reproduction by, 357, 357f
and chromosome number, 355, 396,
398, 398f
crossing over during, 366, 366f, 386
in gamete formation, 308–309,
308f, 312, 312f, 315f, 362–367,
363f–367f, 369, 370, 372,
388, 388f
gene linkage and, 386, 386f
and independent assortment,
376–377, 377f, 386
and karyotyping, 387, 387f
mitosis compared to, 357t, 368f–369fCopyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).