Index I-31new gene combinations produced
in, 366–367, 366f, 367f
segregation in, 375, 375f
Meiosis I, 308, 308f, 312f, 357, 362, 363f,
364, 364f–365f, 370
new gene combinations produced
in, 366–367, 366f, 367f
Meiosis II, 308, 312f, 357, 362, 363, 363f,
364f–365f, 365, 367, 370
Meissner’s corpuscles, 268, 269f
Melanin, 79, 211f, 373, 380, 380f, 383
Melano- (prefix), 431f
Melanocytes, 79, 79f
n Melanoma, 79, 79f, 280, 419, 426,
426f, 431f
Melatonin, 23, 287f, 288t, 292t, 300
Membrane(s), 75, 75f. See also Plasma
membrane (cell membrane)
basement, 68, 68f, 184, 184f
basilar, 272–273, 272f–273f
connective tissue, 75
cutaneous, 75, 75f, 78
definition of, 75
epithelial, 75, 75f
extraembryonic, 336, 336f, 337f
meninges, 251, 251f, 252, 253f, 258
mucous, 75, 75f, 92, 160, 197, 197f,
200f, 201, 201f
pleural, 178f, 179
respiratory, 184, 184f
serous, 75, 75f
synovial, 75, 75f, 96, 98
tectorial, 272f–273f, 273
tissue, 75, 75f
tympanic (eardrum), 272, 272f, 273f,
275, 284
Membrane attack complexes, 160, 160f
Membrane proteins, 46, 46f, 48, 49f
Membrane pumps, 56, 56f
Memory, 257
aging and, 349
Alzheimer’s disease and, 258
cerebral cortex role in, 254, 254f, 255,
257, 257f
fact/declarative memory, 257, 257f
immunological, 162–163, 162f
long- and short-term, 257, 257f
skill memory, 257, 257f
Memory cells, 162–163, 162f, 164,
164f–165f, 166, 168
Men
body fluid, as percent of body
weight, 224
n cancer, common sites of, 431f
n cancer screening in, 432t
n and cardiovascular disorders, 129t
n chromosome nondisjunction in, 399
n color blindness in, 280
complete blood count, normal levels
for, 149t
n daily Calorie intake,
recommended, 217
genitals of, 310f, 325, 325f (See
also Testes)
n heart attack symptoms in, 135
n infertility in, 318–319, 318f,
319f, 321
n lung cancer in, 190
n prostate cancer in, 17, 37, 169, 325,
431f, 432, 432t
reproductive system of, 310–311,
310f, 311f, 312f
secondary sexual traits, 313, 389
sex chromosomes of, 388–389, 388f
sexual arousal in, 245, 311, 314, 349
n sexually transmitted diseases in,
320–323, 321f
n testicular cancer in, 325,
325f, 432t
urethra, 234, 306, 310f, 311, 312f
n vasectomy for, 316, 316t, 317f
vital capacity of, 183
Menarche, 307
Meninges, 251, 251f, 252, 253f, 258
n Meningitis, 258
Meningococcal vaccination, 168t
Meniscus, 96f
Menopause, 307, 349
Menstrual cramps, 286
Menstrual cycle, 37, 306–307, 308–309,
309f, 309t, 328
Menstrual phase, of menstrual cycle,
306, 309t
Menstruation, 271, 306–307, 309t
cessation of (amenorrhea)
n in anorexia nervosa, 218
during pregnancy, 333
n tumors and, 328
n STDs and, 320
Mental illness, causes of, 382
n Mental retardation
n in cri-du-chat syndrome, 396
n phenylketonuria and, 392
n in XXY syndrome, 399
Merkel’s discs, 268, 269f
Mesoderm, 330, 330t, 334, 334f
Mesosphere, 477f
Messenger
first, 288–289
second, 288–289
Messenger RNA (mRNA), 406, 407f,
408–409, 408f–409f, 410, 410f,
412, 412f, 413f
n Metabolic acidosis, 232, 299
n Metabolic alkalosis, 232
n Metabolic syndrome, 216–217, 299
Metabolism
basal metabolic rate, 217
body temperature and, 82–83,
82f, 83t
in cells, 58–59, 58f, 59f
chemical processing of biological
molecules in, 27, 27f, 27t
and extracellular fluid shifts, 225fluid homeostasis and, 80
hormones and, 291
inborn errors of, 406
metabolic pathways, 58–59,
112, 112f
primordial origin of, 455
vitamins/minerals role in, 214–215,
214t, 215t
Metacarpals, 94, 94f
n Metals, heavy, as pollutant,
476, 481
Metaphase (mitosis), 356f, 358, 359f,
368f–369f, 387
Metaphase I (meiosis), 362, 364,
364f–365f, 366–367, 367f,
368f–369f
Metaphase II (meiosis), 362, 363,
364f–365f, 365, 366–367, 367f,
368f–369f, 398f
n Metastasis, 258, 426f, 426t,
427, 427f
Metatarsals, 91f, 95, 95f
Meteorites. See Asteroid impacts
n Methemoglobinemia,
hereditary, 401t
n Methicillin resistant staph A
(MRSA), 153, 153f, 173
Methionine (met), 32f, 33f, 213, 213f
Methyl bromide, 477
Methyl group, 26, 26f
MHC (Major Histocompatibility
Complex) markers, 162, 163,
163f, 166–167, 171
n MI (myocardial infarction; heart
attack), 121, 129, 134–135, 140
Micelle, 204
Microbes, radiation-resistance, 361
Microbiome, 47
Microevolution, 441, 442–443, 443f
Microfilaments, 44f, 53, 53f, 335, 335f,
360, 360f
Micrographs, 45, 45f
Micromanipulator, 318f
n Microscopes, 45, 45f
n Microscopy, 45, 45f, 387, 387f
Microtubules, 44f, 53, 53f, 335, 335f,
358, 359f, 364–365, 364f–365f
Microvilli, 201, 201f
Microwave radiation, 361
Midbrain, 252, 252f, 268–269
Middle age, 349
Middle ear, 92, 272–273, 272f–273f, 275
n Migraine headaches, 259
Migration, of cells, 53, 53f, 331, 335,
426f, 426t, 427, 427f
Migration, of individuals
adaptive radiation, 449, 449f
early humans, 449, 452, 453, 453f
and gene flow, 442
Milk, breast, 69, 165, 165t, 172, 172f,
291, 343, 343f
n Milk of magnesia, 24–25, 50Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).