Biology Today — May 2017

4. Assertion : Germinal epithelial cells of ovary produce oogonia.

Reason : Oogonia are formed during fetal development.

5. Assertion : The uterus and the vagina gradually become
   atrophic at the age of 45 to 55 in women.

Reason : Decreased level of estrogen and progesterone leads
to menopause.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Fill in the blanks.
   (i) Degenerated corpus luteum is called__.
   (ii) Formation of polar bodies help in retention of sufficient
   amount of ___ in the ovum.
   (iii) During ovulation, concentration of __ reaches its
   peak in blood.


2. In which phase of mestrual cycle, formation of corpus luteum

takes place? Also mention the name of its degenerated stage.

3. Write a brief note on the hormonal control of female

reproductive system.

4. Draw a labelled diagram of human female reproductive
   system.

ANSWER KEY

New MCQs

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)


2. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)


3. (a) 12. (d) 13. b)( 14. (b) 15. b)(

Exam Section

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)


2. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. b)(


3. (d) 12. (b) 13. b)( 14. (a) 15. (a)

Assertion & Reason

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)

Short Answer Type Questions

1. (i) corpus albicans

(ii) cytoplasm

(iii) leutinising hormone

2. Corpus luteum is formed during the luteal or secretory phase

of menstrual cycle in females. This phase usually includes

cycle days 15 to 28 in a 28 days cycle.

Followed by the ovulation, the remaining cells of ovarian,

follicles are developed as corpus luteum under the influence

of LH. It secrete progesterone to support pregnancy. However,

in the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates.

The degenerated part of corpus luteum is called corpus

albicans.

3. The growth, maintenance and functions of the female
   reproductive organs are controlled by several hormones.
   GnRH is secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates the
   anterior lobe of pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH. FSH
   stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicles and increases
   the development of oocyte within the follicle to complete
   the meiosis I to form secondary oocyte. It also stimulates the
   formation of estrogen. LH stimulates the corpus luteum to
   secrete progesterone. The rising level of progesterone inhibits
   the release of GnRH, hence inhibits the production of FSH,
   LH and progesterone.
   Females attain puberty when pituitary gland starts producing
   of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It induces the
   development of ovaries, which in turn produce the hormone
   estrogen. This hormone is responsible for the development of
   the female secondary sexual characters, like change in voice,
   development of external genitalia, breast, body hair, pubic
   hair, widening of the pelvis and deposits of fat in thighs,
   buttocks, face, etc.


4. Diagrammatic representation of female reproductive system
   is as follows :

Broad

ligament

Ovarian

ligament

Hymen

Vaginal opening

External OS

Internal OS

Perimetrium

Myometrium

Endometrium

Wall of

uterus

Ovary

Vagina

Cervical canal

Cervix of uterus

Uterine

body

Fimbriae

Uterine

fundus

Uterine

cavity

Uterine

part

Isthmus Ampulla

Fallopian tube

Infundi-

bulum

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