Exotic Brome-Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the Western US

53 Corbin JD, D’Antonio CM, Bainbridge SJ (2004) Tipping the balance in restoration of native plants. In: Gordon MS, Bartol SM ( ...

54 Ford PL, Johnson GV (2006) Effects of dormant vs. growing-season fi re in shortgrass steppe: biological soil crust and perenn ...

55 Hobbs RJ, Mooney HA (1995) Spatial and temporal variability in California annual grassland: results from a long term study. J ...

56 complex emergency stabilization and rehabilitation fi nal report. USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Ely, NV, pp 118–194 (Chapt ...

57 McPherson GR, Weltzin JF (2000) The role and importance of disturbance and climate change in US/Mexico borderlands: a state-o ...

58 Ogle SM, Reiners WA, Gerow KG (2003) Impacts of exotic annual brome grasses ( Bromus spp.) on ecosystem properties of norther ...

59 Salo LF (2005) Red brome ( Bromus rubens subsp madritensis ) in North America: possible modes for early introductions, subseq ...

60 Vermeire LT, Crowder JL, Wester DB (2011) Plant community and soil environment response to summer fi re in the Northern Great ...

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 61 M.J. Germino et al. (eds.), Exotic Brome-Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ec ...

62 sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by Bromus alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notabl ...

63 native plant communities impacted by Bromus have native perennial grasses that increase after disturbance in the absence of B ...

64 3.2.1 Changes to Above- and Belowground Community Structure Invasion of Bromus in the absence of fi re often occurs through e ...

65 Abella et al. 2011 ), B. tectorum in ponderosa pine forest of the Northern Rockies, or sagebrush steppe in the ecotone betwee ...

66 erosion, grazing, climate and soils, and decomposition rates likely contribute to variability in density and form of the litt ...

67 Fig. 3.3 Examples of extent and impact of B. tectorum die-off in the Northern Basin and Range. The map in the top right shows ...

68 and dry year (Bansal et al. 2014 ; Jones et al. 2015a ). High variability in conclusions among studies addressing litter eff ...

69 and Zouhar 2008 ). More specifi cally, species such as B. tectorum increase surface- to- volume ratio, horizontal continuity ...

70 (Paez 2011 ). The resulting litigation has discouraged the use of herbicides on many US Bureau of Land Management lands and a ...

71 3.5 Impacts on Soil Hydrology and Water Balance The domain of Bromus in the Western USA is semiarid and, by defi nition, limi ...

72 year. In contrast, infi ltration was greater on burned sites where dense invasion of B. tectorum and B. arvensis (L. fi eld b ...