about the taxonomic meaning of the new genus,
and later workers did not arrive at a definitive
solution because of insufficient documentation
of the micromorphological characters. Coker
( 1928 ) synonymizedA. flavawithDacrymyces
corticioides, and Kennedy ( 1958 ) was of the
opinion that the type species might be identical
toA. involutasensu Coker and restricted the
genus to the latter species. Lloyd ( 1919 ), Bras-
field ( 1938 ), Martin ( 1949 ), Donk ( 1966 ), and
McNabb ( 1973 ) did not recognizeArrhytidia
as being generically different fromDacrymyces,
a view that was critically questioned by
Oberwinkler ( 1994 ).
A detailed study ofDitiolaradicata, the
type species of the genus, clearly revealed the
dacrymycetaceous nature of its basidia (Lindau
1894 ). The prominent rooting base and the
capitate to discoid basidiocarps were used to
circumscribe the genus (Kennedy 1964 ;
Kobayashi 1939 ; McNabb 1966 ; Oberwinkler
1994 ), though such character combinations
also occur inDacryopinax,Femsjonia,Guepi-
niopsis, and Heterotextus. However, in these
genera, marginal hyphae of the sterile basidio-
carp surfaces have rather characteristic and
distinctive morphological features in compari-
son withD. radicata. Two species were recog-
nized by McNabb ( 1966 ) in his monograph on
the genus. A nonpigmented species, Ditiola
haasii(Fig.13.2e), was described and placed
inDitiolaby Oberwinkler ( 1989 ).
The cortical hairs ofHeterotextusspecies
are thick-walled, basally swollen, and apically
bluntly beaked (Fig.13.7e), which makes them
easily distinguishable from other dacrymyce-
tous genera (cf. Fig.13.7). However, inDacry-
myces suecicusthe structure of the marginal
hyphae is similar to that found inHeterotextus
(McNabb 1973 ), indicating that it should be
included inHeterotextus(Oberwinkler 1994 ).
In his monograph on the genus, McNabb
(1965d) accepted four species.
According to the generic concept of
McNabb (1965e),Femsjoniacomprises two tur-
binate to pezizoid species with thick-walled
marginal hairs and internal hyphae bearing
conspicuous clamp connections. Its allantoid
basidiospores have one to many septa and ger-
minate with microconidia (Fig.13.9f). Micro-
conidia can also develop on haploid hyphae
(Fig.13.9g). Since the publication of McNabb’s
work, three additional species from China have
been described (Liu et al. 1988 ; Zang 1983 ).
In his monograph on Guepiniopsis,
McNabb (1965c) accepted only the type species
Guepiniopsis buccina (Figs. 13.2i, 13.5, and
13.7f), which is defined by its catenulate mar-
ginal hairs with stout and thick-walled cells,
with the walls often being characteristically lay-
ered. The infrageneric taxonomy is discussed
by Oberwinkler ( 1994 ).
The cyphelloid basidiocarps of the type
speciesDacryopinaxelegansconsist of thick-
walled hyphae, except for the hymenium. In
addition, the fascicles of the marginal hairs
have the same hyphal composition (Fig.13.7a).
The walls of the basidiospores and spore septa of
Dacryopinax species are also conspicuously
thick-walled. McNabb (1965b) broadened the
scope of the genus and included six additional
species, thereby creating a morphologically het-
erogeneous assemblage. One of the strongly
deviating species is Dacryopinax spathularia
(Fig.13.2h), a fungus with a widespread distri-
bution in the tropics.
The ontogeny and morphology ofDacryo-
naema rufum (Nannfeldt 1947 ), the type
and single species of the genus, are unique.
There is a primordial conelike, sterile stage
(Figs. 13.2j and 13.7c, d), obviously well
adapted to extremely dry environmental
conditions. The fertile part of the fructification
develops into a globose capitulum (Fig.13.5).
Commonly, all dacrymycetaceous fungi
with clavarioid basidiocarps are included in
Calocera(Figs.13.2k, l,13.5,13.7g, h,13.8c,
and 13.9h), indicating acceptance of the
generic concept of McNabb (1965a)thatcon-
sideredCorynoides,Dacryomitra,andCalop-
posisto be synonymous. The type species,C.
viscosa, has a large rooting base (Fig.13.2l)
with a dimorphic hyphal arrangement in
three zones (Fig.13.7g, h)thatelongatesinto
the fructification. Well-developed basidio-
carps are conspicuously ramified, a character
allowing for easy recognition of the species,
and the amphigeneous hymenium (Fig.13.8c)
is not markedly separated from the sterile
base. Basidiospores germinate with eitherDacrymycetes 367